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John S. Gottdiener, MD; Frederick R. Appelbaum, MD; Victor J. Ferrans, MD, PhD; Albert Deisseroth, MD; John Ziegler, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1981;141(6):758-763.

Abstract
• The cardiac effects of chemotherapeutic regimens using high doses of cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg over four days) were assessed in 32 patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms. Left ventricular systolic function, determined by the fractional shortening on echocardiogram, declined substantially five to 16 days after the initiation of cyclophosphamide therapy. Although pericardial effusion on echocardiogram occurred in 33% of the patients studied, ECG voltage decreased five to 14 days after beginning cyclophosphamide therapy even in those patients without pericardial effusion. Congestive heart failure was noted in nine patients (28%) within three weeks of cyclophosphamide administration. Six of these patients (19%) died of myocardial failure. Pericardial tamponade occurred in six patients (19%), including five who died of myocardial failure. Histopathologic and electron microscopic findings showed endothelial injury and a hemorrhagic myopericarditis. Cyclophosphamide in this high dose is associated with a toxic, often fatal, pericardiomyopathy. Depression of ECG voltage and systolic left ventricular function, though common, do not necessarily predict clinical cardiac deterioration.

(Arch Intern Med 1981;141:758-763)

Author Affiliations
From the Cardiology Branch (Dr Gottdiener) and the Pathology Branch (Dr Ferrans), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the Experimental Hematology Section (Drs Appelbaum and Deisseroth), Pediatric Cardiology Branch, National Institute Cancer (Dr Ziegler), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 15, 1980.

Reprint requests to Cardiology Section, 151D, Washington Veterans Administration Medical Center, Room 4A105, Washington, DC 20422 (Dr Gottdiener).

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