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Review

Mark A. Sirgo, PharmD; Rose J. Mills, MPH; Vincent DeQuattro, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1988;148(12):2547-2552.

Abstract
• Blood pressure and heart rate exhibit a circadian rhythm, with both rising rapidly during the morning hours and then decreasing throughout the day to a nadir around 3 AM. Current evidence suggests a possible link between cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, which have been shown to occur most frequently during the morning hours, and the rapid rise in blood pressure and heart rate during this same time period. We review data from ambulatory blood pressure studies to ascertain which antihypertensive agents provide the most satisfactory control of blood pressure and heart rate during the hours of 6 AM to 12 noon. Of the forms of drug therapy studied, labetalol, a combined - and β-blocker, and two calcium channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil, appear to be the most effective in blunting the rise in arterial blood pressure during these critical morning hours.

(Arch Intern Med 1988;148:2547-2552)

Author Affiliations
From New Product Development, Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC (Dr Sirgo and Ms Mills) and Hypertension Service, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles (Dr DeQuattro).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication July 13, 1988.

Reprint requests to Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (Dr Sirgo).

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