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Suboptimal Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Drug Users
Mariagrazia Rumi, MD;
Massimo Colombo, MD;
Raffaella Romeo, MD;
Antonio Boschini, MD;
Alessandro Zanetti, BSc;
Alessandro Gringeri, MD;
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(3):574-578.
Abstract
Fifty-five drug users institutionalized in a community for drug detoxification were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a recombinant yeast-derived vaccine (Engerix B, Smith Kline Biologicals, Belgium). At 0,1, and 6 months, 20 µg of vaccine was given in the deltoid to these patients, of whom 17 had no serum HBV markers, 15 had only the antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc), and 23 had anti-HBc and antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs) values lower than the allegedly "protective" value of 10 mIU/mL. Forty-one healthy controls were vaccinated in parallel. At month 7 (ie, 1 month after the third dose of vaccine), in 76% (13/17) of drug users with no HBV markers, 6% (1/15) of those with isolated anti-HBc, and 69% (16/23) of those with antiHBc and nonprotective anti-HBs, protective anti-HBs titers ( 10 mIU/mL) developed, compared with 97% (40/41) of controls. At month 24, these rates fell to 43% for drug users with no HBV marker, 0% for those with anti-HBc, 31% for those with anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 86% for controls. The drug users who did not respond to vaccination were more likely to be those with evidence of prior HBV infection and anergy to skin tests. This indicates that unresponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in drug users may be due to altered immunity.
(Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:574-578)
Author Affiliations
From the Institute of Internal Medicine (Drs Rumi, Colombo, Romeo and Boschini), A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (Drs Gringeri and Mannucci), and Institute of Virology (Dr Zanetti), University of Milan (Italy).
Footnotes
Accepted for publication August 28, 1990.
Reprint requests to via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy (Dr Colombo).
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