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Resistant Hypertension in a Tertiary Care Clinic
Marko Yakovlevitch, MD;
Henry R. Black, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(9):1786-1792.
Abstract
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Study Objective.
To determine the prevalence of resis tant hypertension in a tertiary care facility, the frequency of its various causes, and the results of treatment.
Design.
Review of clinic records of all patients seen for the first time between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1988.
Methods.
Patients meeting criteria for resistant hyper tension were examined for appropriateness of their medical regimen, presence of secondary causes of hypertension, noncompliance, interfering substances, drug interactions, office resistance (elevated blood pressure in the office only while receiving treatment), and other potential causes of resistance.
Results.
Of the 436 charts reviewed, 91 were those of patients who met criteria for resistant hypertension and were seen more than once. The most common cause was a suboptimal medical regimen (39 patients), fol lowed by medication intolerance (13 patients), previously undiagnosed secondary hypertension (10 patients), noncompliance (nine patients), psychiatric causes (seven pa tients), office resistance (two patients), an interfering substance (two patients), and drug interaction (one pa tient). Blood pressure control, defined as diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less and systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or less for patients aged 50 years or less (<=150 mm Hg for those aged 51 to 60 years and <=160 mm Hg for those aged >60 years), was achieved in 48 (53%) of those 91 patients. Another 10 had significant improvement in their blood pressure (>=15% decrease in diastolic blood pressure). Of patients whose blood pres sure was controlled after they had been on a suboptimal regimen, the two most frequently used therapeutic strat egies were to add (50%) or modify (24%) diuretic ther apy or to add (50%) or increase the dose of (12%) a newer drug, either a calcium entry blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
Conclusion.
We conclude that resistant hypertension is common in a tertiary care facility and that a subopti mal regimen is the most common reason. Furthermore, in the majority of these patients, the elevated blood pressures can be controlled or significantly improved.
(Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1786-1792)
Author Affiliations
From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Preventive Cardi ology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication March 21, 1991.
Reprint requests to Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 (Dr Black).
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