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Lessons From a Community Intervention

Mary E. Costanza, MD; Carl J. D'Orsi, MD; Harry L. Greene, MD; Victoria P. Gaw, RN, MA; Andrew Karellas, PhD; Jane G. Zapka, ScD

Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(9):1851-1856.

Abstract
It is estimated that 44 500 American women will die of breast cancer in 1991. The breast cancer screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute calling for annual mammography for all women older than 50 years have been endorsed by numerous professional groups. Third-party reimbursement for screening mammography is becoming more prevalent, and payment for screening mammography is now a Medicare benefit. Our studies, conducted as part of a National Cancer Institute grant to increase the routine use of screening mammography and clinical breast examination in women 50 to 75 years of age, have uncovered a number of significant barriers to the implementation of screening guidelines among women, primary care physicians, and providers of mammography services. These barriers, as well as methods to assure the quality of mammography, need to be addressed before universal screening is feasible.

(Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1851-1856)

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Medicine (Dr Costanza and Ms Gaw) and Radiology (Drs D'Orsi and Karellas), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; the Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical School, Tucson (Dr Greene); and the School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Dr Zapka).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication March 29, 1991.

Reprint requests to Division of Oncology, University of Massachusetts, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (Dr Costanza).

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