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The Preferred Solution to the Organ Shortage?

Aaron Spital, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(12):2421-2424.

Abstract
Background.—
A critical shortage of organs is perhaps the major barrier facing transplantation today. Adopting a system of presumed consent or mandated choice are among the solutions proposed. Under presumed consent, organs may be removed after death without explicit consent, unless the deceased had previously objected or the family objects at the time of death. Under mandated choice, all adults would be required to decide for themselves whether they wish to donate on their deaths and their decisions would be controlling.

Methods.—
To see if educated young people would support these proposals, I carried out two surveys at the University of Maryland, College Park, Md, of a total of 418 students who were at least 18 years of age.

Result.—
An overwhelming 90% would support mandated choice while a smaller percentage, just over 60%, would support presumed consent. The vast majority believe that the family should not be able to override the previously expressed wishes of their recently deceased loved one. Unfortunately, only a minority of respondents had discussed organ donation with their families and even fewer had signed donor cards.

Conclusions.—
Even young, educated people frequently fail to consider organ donation prospectively and this is a major barrier to organ retrieval. While presumed consent and mandated choice are designed to deal with this serious problem, mandated choice seems preferable and would likely receive widespread support. Therefore, I suggest that a small scale trial of mandated choice be undertaken as soon as possible in the hope of finding an acceptable system that will quickly and efficiently increase the supply of desperately needed organs.

(Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:2421-2424)

Author Affiliations
From the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. Dr Spital is now with The Genesee Hospital, Rochester, NY.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication May 13, 1992.

Reprint requests to The Genesee Hospital, 224 Alexander St, Rochester, NY 14607 (Dr Spital).

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