Methods
Hospitalized veterans aged 65 years or older with impairment of activities of daily living, chronic disease, polypharmacy, or two or more hospitalizations in the previous year were randomized to an outpatient GEM team clinic (n=60) or usual care (n=68). After an initial comprehensive assessment, they received long-term management in the geriatric clinic. Principal outcomes included health status (mortality, hospitalizations, health perception, and medications), function (activities of daily living, instrumental ADL, and social activity), affect (Center for Epidemiologic Studies— Depression test score and life satisfaction), and cognition (Mini-Mental State examination score).

Results
At randomization, no significant differences were noted between the groups. The average age of the patients was 71 years (range, 65 to 93 years). At 1 year following randomization, GEM clinic patients compared with subjects receiving usual care had significantly improved health perception, took fewer medications despite increased number of diagnoses, reported greater social activity, had improved Center for Epidemiologic Studies— Depression scale scores, and had higher life satisfaction scores. There was a trend toward improved performance of activities of daily living for GEM clinic patients. The GEM clinic patients had a 54% lower mortality (6.8% vs 14.9%). Overall, no differences were observed in the total number of hospitalizations between the groups.

Conclusions
The combination of long-term management following comprehensive outpatient assessment significantly improved aspects of health status (including health perception and medications), function (including social activity), and affect (including depression and life satisfaction) for older veterans and may influence mortality and function.

(Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1313-1318)