Cigarette Smoking and Sleep Disturbance

doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430070088011

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Vol. 155 No. 7, 10 APRIL 1995

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Cigarette Smoking and Sleep Disturbance

Barbara A. Phillips, MD, MSPH; Frederick J. Danner, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 1995;155(7):734-737.

Abstract

Background
Individuals with sleep complaints often exhibit unhealthy lifestyles,including obesity, excessive alcohol use, lack of physical exercise,and cigarette smoking. We sought to explore the relationshipbetween cigarette smoking, poor sleep habits, and sleep complaints.Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship between cigarettesmoking and sleep disturbance, including the effects of nicotineand nicotine withdrawal on sleep, a tendency for nonsmokersto be more alert in the morning, an association between cigarettesmoking and snoring, and a tendency for individuals who engagein one unhealthy behavior also to engage in others.

Method
A total of 484 individuals aged 14 to 84 years completed a comprehensivesleep and health questionnaire. There were 99 high school studentsfrom grades 9 through 12 (45 boys and 54 girls, of whom 38 [38%]were smokers), who completed an in-class survey. In addition,385 adults aged 20 to 84 years (122 men and 263 women, of whom77 [20%] were smokers) from a random sample of 1000 completeda mail survey. The effects of age and smoking status on sleep,health, and daytime function were assessed by multivariate analysisof variance.

Results
Cigarette smokers were significantly more likely than nonsmokersto report problems going to sleep, problems staying asleep,daytime sleepiness, minor accidents, depression, and high dailycaffeine intake.

Conclusion
Individuals with sleep complaints should be queried about tobaccouse. Those who are smokers should be advised that there is arelationship between cigarette smoking and sleep disturbance.

(Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:734-737)

Author Affiliations

From the Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine (Dr Phillips), and the Educational Psychology Division, College of Education (Dr Danner), University of Kentucky, Lexington.

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