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Prevalence of Adrenal and Extra-adrenal Conn Syndrome in Hypertensive Patients
Saleh Abdelhamid, MD;
Heinrich Müller-Lobeck, MD;
Stefan Pahl, MD;
Klaus Remberger, MD;
Joerg-A. Bönhof, MD;
Dieter Walb, MD;
Arnold Röckel, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(11):1190-1195.
Abstract
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Background
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is caused by an adrenal aldosterone-producing tumor (A-APT) or adrenal hyperplasia. An extra-adrenal APT (E-APT) as a cause of PA has been reported in 5 cases. Autopsy studies show a high incidence of ectopic adrenocortical tissue. We did a prospective study of the prevalence of A-APTs and E-APTs and the biochemical features of E-APTs in patients with PA.
Methods
Hypertensive patients (N=3900) referred to our unit were screened for PA by measuring renin activity, urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide, tetrahydroaldoster one, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B). Primary aldosteronism was found in 257 cases. The differentiation between A-APTs and adrenal hyperplasia was based on the results of postural response of renin, plasma aldosterone, 18-OH-B, computed tomography, isotope scanning, or adrenal venous aldosterone. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen was used to screen for E-APT.
Results
The cause of PA was bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in 101 cases, unilateral adrenal hyperplasia in 2, an A-APT in 146, and an E-APT in 1. The site of aldosterone production was uncertain in 7 patients who had normal adrenal glands on computed tomography but refused to undergo isotopic scanning and adrenal venous catheterization. Ultrasound examination disclosed normal retroperitoneum in 4 of the 7 cases but could not rule out E-APT in 3 cases. The biochemical features of the patient with the E-APT were similar to classic A-APT, with low renin, high aldosterone, and high 18-OH-B values without appropriate response to posture or to short-term volume expansion. The excision of the E-APT in the right kidney resulted in normalization of blood pressure and renin, aldosterone, and 18-OH-B levels.
Conclusion
Although E-APT is rare, it should be considered in the interests of specific therapy for PA because aldosterone-secreting malignant ovarian tumors also have been reported.
(Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1190-1195)
Author Affiliations
From the Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, the First Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Mainz (Dr Abdelhamid), and Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Wiesbaden (Drs Müller-Lobeck, Bönhof, Walb, and Röckel); and the Institute of Pathology, University of Homburg/Saar (Drs Pahl and Remberger), Germany.
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