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Admission Serum Magnesium Level Does Not Predict the Hospital Outcome of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
John E. Madias, MD;
Ketan Sheth, MD;
Mubashar A. Choudry, MD;
David O. Berger;
Nicolaos E. Madias, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(15):1701-1708.
Abstract
Objective
To establish whether hypomagnesemia at admission predicts excessive morbidity, particularly cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods
We compared hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic patients with acute myocardial infarction in 517 patients admitted to the coronary care unit. The serum magnesium concentration, along with a large array of other parameters, was measured on admission to the emergency department. Other baseline attributes and variables related to the patients' hospital course were used to compare the 2 groups.
Results
The 132 patients (25.9%) with low serum magnesium concentrations at admission (mean±SD, 0.61±0.06 mmol/L [1.48±0.15 mg/dL]) were comparable to the patients with normal serum magnesium concentrations (0.81±0.11 mmol/L [1.96±0.26 mg/dL]) except for a higher rate of prehospital use of diuretic agents (32.6% vs 22.5%, P=.02) and earlier presentation after onset of symptoms (mean±SD, 3.2±4.1 vs 4.8±6.6 hours, P=.003). There was no correlation between serum magnesium and potassium concentrations in the emergency department (r=0.14). No difference was detected between the hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic cohorts in rates of total mortality (18.9% vs 18.5%, P=.91), cardiac mortality (15.2% vs 15.3%, P=.99), atrial fibrillation (13.6% vs 13.8%, P=.97), ventricular tachycardia (18.2% vs 15.3%, P=.44), or ventricular fibrillation (15.2% vs 13.5%, P=.63). Management of the 2 cohorts was not different, except for higher rates of use of magnesium (17.4% vs 1.3%, P<.001) and potassium (59.8% vs 42.1%, P<.001) supplements and antiarrhythmic drugs (62.9% vs 48.7%, P=.005) in the hypomagnesemic patients. An endogenous rise in serum magnesium level was documented in a subgroup of 161 patients who had a repeated measurement (0.74±0.12 mmol/L [1.79±0.29 mg/dL] in the emergency department vs 0.77±0.09 mmol/L [1.88±0.23 mg/dL] in the coronary care unit, P<.001).
Conclusions
We conclude that hypomagnesemia is seen in approximately one fourth of patients with myocardial infarction, is not linked to hypokalemia, has some relationship to preadmission use of diuretic agents, is associated with early presentation to the hospital, and is not a predictor of increased morbidity or mortality.
Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1701-1708
Author Affiliations
From the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York and the Division of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY (Drs J. E. Madias, Sheth, and Choudry and Mr Berger); and the Tufts University School of Medicine and the Division of Nephrology, New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass (Dr N. E. Madias).
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