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The Framingham Study

Robert J. Goldberg, PhD; Martin Larson, ScD; Daniel Levy, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(5):505-509.

Abstract
Background
Whereas a variety of epidemiological stud-ies ies have examined factors associated with overall and cause-specific morbidity and mortality, limited data exist about factors associated with longevity, particularly in middle-aged men and women. The present study examined factors associated with survival to 75 years of age in middle-aged men and women from the community-based Framingham Study.

Methods
After excluding persons with cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, 747 men and 973 women from the Framingham Study, who were 50 years of age at the time of a routine clinical examination and who could potentially reach 75 years of age during follow-up, were studied. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine factors associated with survival to 75 years of age.

Results
Fewer cigarettes smoked per day, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher forced vital capacity were associated with longevity in both sexes. Lower heart rate in men and parental survival to 75 years of age in women were additionally associated with survival to 75 years of age.

Conclusions
The results of this long-term, prospective study suggest a number of lifestyle characteristics and one familial factor associated with increased life expectancy. These data lend further support to the positive impact on life expectancy of health promotional efforts directed at smoking cessation and control of hypertension in middle-aged men and women.

(Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:505-509)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (Dr Goldberg), and the Framingham (Mass) Study (Drs Larson and Levy).

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