You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


Advertisement

ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | RSS | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 157 No. 1, 13 JANUARY 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Online Only
 •  Online First Table of
Contents
  ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
 •Online Features
 This Article
 •References
 •Full text PDF
 • Reply to article
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on Web of Science (232)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal
 Social Bookmarking
  Add to CiteULike Add to Connotea Add to Delicious Add to Digg Add to Facebook Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this?

Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Complications

Paolo Prandoni, MD, PhD; Paola Polistena, MD; Enrico Bernardi, MD; Alberto Cogo, MD, PhD; Dario Casara, MD; Fabio Verlato, MD; Federico Angelini, MD; Paolo Simioni, MD; Gian Paolo Signorini, MD; Lino Benedetti, MD; Antonio Girolami, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(1):57-62.


Abstract



Background
Little is known about the clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic aspects of upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT).

Objectives
To identify the clinical and laboratory parameters associated with this disease, to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic methods for its detection, and to establish the frequency of both early and late complications.

Patients and Methods
After a careful history was taken, 58 consecutive patients with signs and symptoms that were clinically suggestive of UEDVT underwent the determination of antithrombin III and protein C and S levels and resistance to activated protein C and lupuslike anticoagulants. Compression ultrasonography, color flow Doppler imaging, and Doppler ultrasonography were performed prior to venography. Patients with confirmed UEDVT underwent objective tests to detect a pulmonary embolism and were followed up prospectively to record recurrent thromboembolic events and postthrombotic sequelae.

Results
Findings from venography confirmed UEDVT in 27 patients (47%). Central venous catheters, thrombophilic states, and a previous leg vein thrombosis were statistically significantly associated with UEDVT. Sensitivity and specificity of compression ultrasonography (96% and 93.5%, respectively) and color flow Doppler imaging (100% and 93%, respectively) were comparable and better than those of Doppler ultrasonography (81% and 77%, respectively). Objective findings suggestive of a pulmonary embolism were recorded in 36% of the patients with UEDVT. After a mean follow-up of 2 years, 2 patients with UEDVT experienced recurrent thromboembolic events, and 4 had postthrombotic sequelae.

Conclusions
Symptomatic UEDVT is associated with central venous catheters, thrombophilic states, and a previous leg vein thrombosis. Both compression ultrasonography and color flow Doppler imaging are accurate methods for its detection. A pulmonary embolism is a common complication of the disease. Finally, this disorder may recur and may be followed by postthrombotic sequelae.

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:57-62



Author Affiliations



From the Institute of Medical Semeiotics (Drs Prandoni, Polistena, Bernardi, Cogo, Simioni, and Girolami), Services of Nuclear Medicine (Dr Casara) and Angiology (Drs Verlato and Signorini), and Second Service of Radiology (Drs Angelini and Benedetti), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.



Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Delicious Delicious   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Facebook Facebook   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Diagnosis of DVT: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
Bates et al.
Chest 2012;141:e351S-e418S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
Kearon et al.
Chest 2012;141:e419S-e494S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Streiff et al.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2011;9:714-777.
FULL TEXT  

Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis
Czihal and Hoffmann
Vasc Med 2011;16:191-202.
ABSTRACT  

Malignant gastro-colic fistula presenting with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Matar et al.
BMJ Case Reports 2011;2011:bcr1120103491-bcr1120103491.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Vascular disorders in athletes
Perlowski and Jaff
Vasc Med 2010;15:469-479.
ABSTRACT  

Fibrinolysis for acute pulmonary embolism
Piazza and Goldhaber
Vasc Med 2010;15:419-428.
ABSTRACT  

Risk of Symptomatic DVT Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
Evans et al.
Chest 2010;138:803-810.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Type and Location of Venous Thromboembolism in Carriers of Factor V Leiden or Prothrombin G20210A Mutation Versus Patients With No Mutation
Kovac et al.
CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 2010;16:66-70.
ABSTRACT  

Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Patients With Malignancy
Shivakumar et al.
JCO 2009;27:4858-4864.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence and Diagnosis of Thrombosis in Children With Short-Term Central Venous Lines of the Upper Venous System
Hanslik et al.
Pediatrics 2008;122:1284-1291.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Recurrent Thrombosis and Survival After a First Venous Thrombosis of the Upper Extremity
Flinterman et al.
Circulation 2008;118:1366-1372.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Incidence of PICC Line-Associated Thrombosis With and Without the Use of Prophylactic Anticoagulants
Paauw et al.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008;32:443-447.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)
Kearon et al.
Chest 2008;133:454S-545S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Internal Jugular, Subclavian, and Axillary Deep Venous Thrombosis and the Risk of Pulmonary Embolism
Major et al.
Vascular 2008;16:73-79.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diagnosis and Management of Subclavian Vein Thrombosis: Three Case Reports and Review of Literature
Smith and Dimitri
ANGIOLOGY 2008;59:100-106.
ABSTRACT  

Thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters in patients with hematological malignancies
Boersma et al.
Ann Oncol 2008;19:433-442.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical characteristics and management of cancer-associated acute venous thromboembolism: findings from the MASTER Registry
Imberti et al.
haematol 2008;93:273-278.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in children and adolescents
Dubois et al.
CMAJ 2007;177:1185-1190.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effort thrombosis of the upper extremity in a young sportsman: Paget Schroetter syndrome * COMMENTARY
Roche-Nagle et al.
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2007;41:540-541.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Catheter-Related Thrombosis: Risks, Diagnosis, and Management
Linenberger
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2006;4:889-901.
ABSTRACT  

Prevalence of Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Diagnosed by Color Doppler Duplex Sonography in Cancer Patients With Central Venous Catheters.
Gaitini et al.
J Ultrasound Med 2006;25:1297-1303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Efficacy of bosentan in a small cohort of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease.
Benza et al.
Chest 2006;129:1009-1015.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Adult Patients With Cancer
Lee et al.
JCO 2006;24:1404-1408.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prospective Evaluation of Combined Upper and Lower Extremity DVT
Hingorani et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2006;40:131-134.
ABSTRACT  

Paget-Schroetter Syndrome in the Young and Active
Vijaysadan et al.
J Am Board Fam Med 2005;18:314-319.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence of upper limb venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)
Abdullah et al.
Br. J. Radiol. 2005;78:596-600.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sonographic Evaluation of Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Chin et al.
J Ultrasound Med 2005;24:829-838.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Infectious Complications of Central Venous Catheters Increase the Risk of Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Hematology Patients: A Prospective Study
van Rooden et al.
JCO 2005;23:2655-2660.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of Thromboembolic Disease IncludingSuperior Vena Cava and Brachiocephalic Veins
Oymak et al.
CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 2005;11:183-189.
ABSTRACT  

An Integrative Review of Outcomes in Patients with Acute Primary Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Following No Treatment or Treatment with Anticoagulation, Thrombolysis, or Surgical Algorithms
Thomas and Zierler
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2005;39:163-174.
ABSTRACT  

Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Prospective Registry of 592 Patients
Joffe et al.
Circulation 2004;110:1605-1611.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The long term clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the arm: prospective cohort study
Prandoni et al.
BMJ 2004;329:484-485.
FULL TEXT  

Risk Factors and Recurrence Rate of Primary Deep Vein Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities
Martinelli et al.
Circulation 2004;110:566-570.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Thrombotic Complications of Central Venous Catheters in Cancer Patients
Kuter
The Oncologist 2004;9:207-216.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Venous Thromboembolism Associated With Long-Term Use of Central Venous Catheters in Cancer Patients
Verso and Agnelli
JCO 2003;21:3665-3675.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Mustafa et al.
Chest 2003;123:1953-1956.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Central venous line-related thrombosis in children: association with central venous line location and insertion technique
Male et al.
Blood 2003;101:4273-4278.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Thromboembolic Disease Involving the Superior Vena Cava and Brachiocephalic Veins
Otten et al.
Chest 2003;123:809-812.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Kearon
CMAJ 2003;168:183-194.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Experience With Upper Extremity Venous Sonography in a High-Risk Cancer Population
Giess et al.
J Ultrasound Med 2002;21:1365-1370.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Joffe and Goldhaber
Circulation 2002;106:1874-1880.
FULL TEXT  

Are Bad Outcomes from Questionable Clinical Decisions Preventable Medical Errors? A Case of Cascade Iatrogenesis
Hofer and Hayward
ANN INTERN MED 2002;137:327-333.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Isolated internal jugular vein thrombosis: risk factors and natural history
Sheikh et al.
Vasc Med 2002;7:177-179.
ABSTRACT  

Prospective Study of Color Duplex Ultrasonography Compared with Contrast Venography in Patients Suspected of Having Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities
Baarslag et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2002;136:865-872.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Venous Thrombosis Associated with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Retrospective Analysis of the Cleveland Clinic Experience
Chemaly et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2002;34:1179-1183.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Systematic Review
Mustafa et al.
Arch Intern Med 2002;162:401-404.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Three-Dimensional Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Venography in Suspected Thrombo-occlusive Disease of the Central Chest Veins
Kroencke et al.
Chest 2001;120:1570-1576.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Complications of Femoral and Subclavian Venous Catheterization in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Merrer et al.
JAMA 2001;286:700-707.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Young Patient Double Heterozygous for Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A Mutation
Vaya et al.
CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOST 2001;7:72-74.
ABSTRACT  

Tunneled Infusion Catheters: Increased Incidence of Symptomatic Venous Thrombosis after Subclavian versus Internal Jugular Venous Access
Trerotola et al.
Radiology 2000;217:89-93.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines on diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism
Eur Heart J 2000;21:1301-1336.
 

Hypercoagulable States in Primary Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Heron et al.
Arch Intern Med 2000;160:382-386.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Deep Venous Thrombosis Caused by Femoral Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Adult Patients*
Joynt et al.
Chest 2000;117:178-183.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cancer, Coagulation, and Anticoagulation
Letai and Kuter
The Oncologist 1999;4:443-449.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-Term Sequelae of Spontaneous Axillary-Subclavian Venous Thrombosis
Heron et al.
ANN INTERN MED 1999;131:510-513.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Diagnostic Approach to Acute Venous Thromboembolism . Clinical Practice Guideline
Tapson
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999;160:1043-1066.
FULL TEXT  

The Future of Vascular Access: Will the Benefits Be Worth the Risk?
Ryder
Nutr Clin Pract 1999;14:165-169.
 

Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Hingorani and Ascher
PERSPECT VASC SURG ENDOVASC THER 1999;10:47-57.
ABSTRACT  

Upper Extremity DVT: What Is the Risk?
Ault et al.
Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1950-1952.
FULL TEXT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | CME | PHYSICIAN JOBS | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 1997 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.