This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (58)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Charles Maynard, PhD; Nathan R. Every, MD, MPH; Jenny S. Martin, RN; Peter J. Kudenchuk, MD; W. Douglas Weaver, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(12):1379-1384.

Abstract
Background
During the last 5 years, many studies have produced conflicting results concerning the survival of women hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Objective
To determine if gender is associated with hospital mortality and long-term survival in individuals with AMI.

Methods
This prospective study included 4255 consecutive women (34%) and 8076 (66%) men who developed AMI in 19 Seattle, Wash, area hospitals between January 1988 and June 1994. Key information was abstracted from hospital records and entered in the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention registry database. In addition, data concerning survival and rehospitalization were obtained from the state of Washington and linked to the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention registry.

Results
In comparison with men, women were 8 years older, more often had history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus, and less often had history of myocardial infarction or coronary surgery. During hospitalization, women were less likely to undergo coronary angiography, thrombolytic therapy, coronary angioplasty, or bypass surgery. After adjustment for covariates, women were 20% more likely to die in the hospital (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.39), yet long-term survival was similar in the 2 groups (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.05). The use of thrombolytic therapy or revascularization during the index hospitalization did not change the association between gender and survival.

Conclusions
All things being equal, women with AMI were more likely to die in the hospital, yet survival after hospital discharge did not differ according to gender. Appropriate treatment to reduce hospital mortality in women is needed.

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1379-1384

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Dr Weaver is now with the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Statistical Models and Patient Predictors of Readmission for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Desai et al.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2:500-507.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mortality differences between men and women after percutaneous coronary interventions. A 25-year, single-center experience.
Singh et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:2313-2320.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

What's good for the gander is now good for the goose.
Wilson and Raveendran
J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:2321-2322.
FULL TEXT  

Symptom Presentation of Women With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Myth vs Reality
Canto et al.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2405-2413.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sex in the CCU: women with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome may do no worse despite less intervention
Bradshaw and Thompson
Heart 2007;93:1327-1328.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gender differences in management and outcome in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
Alfredsson et al.
Heart 2007;93:1357-1362.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gender Differences in Hospital Mortality and Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Microsimulation Analysis of the 1999 Nationwide French Hospitals Database
Milcent et al.
Circulation 2007;115:833-839.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The association of elevated creatine kinase-myocardial band on mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is time and magnitude limited
Engoren et al.
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2005;28:114-119.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor {beta} Display Prolonged Ventricular Repolarization and Reduced Ventricular Automaticity After Myocardial Infarction
Korte et al.
Circulation 2005;111:2282-2290.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of Baseline Characteristics, Clinical Features, Angiographic Results, and Early Outcomes in Men vs Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention
Cheng et al.
Chest 2004;126:47-53.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Ethnic variations in female vulnerability after an acute coronary event
Mak et al.
Heart 2004;90:621-626.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of Patient Sex on Intensive Care Unit Survival
Romo et al.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:61-65.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Poverty and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A search for answers and a call for action
Douglas Weaver and Maynard
J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1955-1956.
FULL TEXT  

Benefit of an Early Invasive Management Strategy in Women With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Glaser et al.
JAMA 2002;288:3124-3129.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sex-Based Differences in Early Mortality of Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for First Acute Myocardial Infarction
Vakili et al.
Circulation 2001;104:3034-3038.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Absence of gender differences in clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: A report from the SHOCK Trial Registry
Wong et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1395-1401.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gender and survival: a population-based study of 201,114 men and women following a first acute myocardial infarction
MacIntyre et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:729-735.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Role of age and sex in short-term and long term mortality after a first Q wave myocardial infarction
Marrugat et al.
J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2001;55:487-493.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sex Differences in 2-Year Mortality after Hospital Discharge for Myocardial Infarction
Vaccarino et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2001;134:173-181.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-term Outcome of Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men: A Population Perspective
Vaccarino et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:965-973.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Trends in case-fatality in 117718 patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in Scotland
Capewell et al.
Eur Heart J 2000;21:1833-1840.
ABSTRACT  

Concerning gender and therapy after acute myocardial infarction: are there differences between men and women?
Alpert
Eur Heart J 2000;21:261-262.
 

Sex-Based Differences in Early Mortality after Myocardial Infarction
Vaccarino et al.
NEJM 1999;341:217-225.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT