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David A. Stevens, MD; Jeannette Y. Lee, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(16):1857-1862.

Abstract
Background
Successful therapy of invasive aspergillosis is difficult, and the place of new drugs is evolving. Earlier studies, with fewer patients, suggest itraconazole, an oral azole, is effective for some patients.

Methods
Compassionate use data were analyzed by criteria applied previously in a multicenter trial as a reference point. The course of 125 patients was evaluated and their clinical settings and responses were categorized.

Results
Overall, 34 (27%) had a complete response, 45 (36%) improved, 20 (16%) were unchanged, and 26 (21%) worsened. The subset receiving less than 2 weeks of itraconazole therapy had a worse outcome than the remainder of the group as did patients with sinus, central nervous system, or widely disseminated disease. Prior therapy, age, underlying disease, other sites of aspergillosis, dose, or Aspergillus species did not correlate closely with outcome. In patients who responded, a period of months was commonly required before objective improvement was documented. Patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation fared better than in previous reports.

Conclusions
Itraconazole is effective in many patients with aspergillosis. This large series supports earlier conclusions that response rates are similar to those reported for amphotericin B.

Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1857-1862

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Dr Stevens); the NIAID Mycoses Study Group, Bethesda, Md (Drs Stevens and Lee); and the Biostatistics Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham (Dr Lee).

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