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Anne A. Schouffoer, MD; Carl E. H. Siegert, MD, PhD; Sandra M. Arend, MD; Jan Thompson, MD, PhD; Jacques A. van Oostaijen, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1466-1468.

A 26-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain, anemia, and hypertension. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a perirenal hematoma. Soon after admission, the patient went into shock, and emergency angiography was performed. Two active bleeding sites were found in the left kidney and were successfully embolized. Also, multiple aneurysms, consistent with the diagnosis of classic polyarteritis nodosa, were seen. After treatment was initiated, the patient recovered fully. When a spontaneous perirenal hematoma is a presenting symptom of classic polyarteritis nodosa, a delay in making the right diagnosis is likely to occur. Angiography not only may provide a quick diagnosis, but it can also be used to perform therapeutic embolization. In patients with classic polyarteritis nodosa and hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm, angiography may be a therapeutic alternative to surgery.

From the Departments of Nephrology (Drs Schouffoer and Siegert), Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Dr Arend and Thompson), and Radiology (Dr van Oostaijen), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands. Dr Siegert is now with the Department of Nephrology, Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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