 |
|
Relationships of Heart Disease Risk Factors to Exercise Quantity and Intensity
Paul T. Williams, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:237-245.
Objective: To assess the relationships of exercise amount and exercise intensity to coronary heart disease risk factors measured cross-sectionally in runners.
Methods Physician-supplied medical data were compared with subjects' reported average running amount (kilometers run per week) and running intensity during their best recent 10-km race (kilometers per hour) in 7059 male and 1837 female recreational runners. Ten-kilometer race velocity (kilometers per hour) is known to be related to exercise intensity during training.
Results Men and women who ran faster (ie, at greater intensity) had lower blood pressures; triglyceride levels; ratios of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; body mass indexes (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters); and circumferences of the waist, hips, and chest when adjusted for weekly running distance, age, consumption of alcohol, and diet. Relative to the effect of running distance, running velocity had a 13.3 times greater calculated effect on systolic blood pressure, a 2.8 times greater calculated effect on diastolic blood pressure, and a 4.7 times greater calculated effect on waist circumference in men, and a 5.7 times greater calculated effect on systolic blood pressure in women when adjusted. In contrast, running distance had a more than 6-fold greater calculated effect on adjusted plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than running velocity in both sexes.
Conclusions Exercising more intensely could improve coronary heart disease risk factor level beyond that achieved by exercise amount alone; however, proof of causality remains to be determined from clinical trials. Exercise intensity and amount may target specific coronary heart disease risk factors.
From the Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Health benefits of tennis
Pluim et al.
Br. J. Sports. Med. 2007;41:760-768.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Longitudinal Change in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Older Runners
Schroeder et al.
Age Ageing 2007;36:57-62.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Effects of increased training load on vagal-related indexes of heart rate variability: a novel sleep approach
Buchheit et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2004;287:H2813-H2818.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit?
Iwasaki et al.
J. Appl. Physiol. 2003;95:1575-1583.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Effects of Endurance Training and Resistance Training on Plasma Lipoprotein Profiles in Elderly Women
Fahlman et al.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2002;57:B54-60.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Physical activity and health: current issues and research needs
Hardman
Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1193-1197.
FULL TEXT
Effect of Alcohol on Postprandial Lipemia with and without Preprandial Exercise
Suter et al.
J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2001;20:58-64.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Association between Physical Activity and Markers of Inflammation in a Healthy Elderly Population
Geffken et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:242-250.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Low Dehydroepiandrosterone and Ischemic Heart Disease in Middle-aged Men: Prospective Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
Feldman et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:79-89.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Differential expression of stress proteins in rat myocardium after free wheel or treadmill run training
Noble et al.
J. Appl. Physiol. 1999;86:1696-1701.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
|
