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Serge C. Renaud, PhD; René Guéguen, PhD; Gérard Siest, MD; Roger Salamon, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1865-1870.

Objective  To evaluate prospectively the health risk of wine and beer drinking in middle-aged men in the area of Nancy, France.

Design  Prospective cohort study.

Subjects  A total of 36,250 healthy men who underwent comprehensive health appraisals in a center of preventive medicine between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1983.

Main Outcome Measures  Education, professional and leisure activities, and smoking and drinking habits were evaluated using a questionnaire. Blood pressure and mean corpuscular volume and -glutamyltransferase, glucose, and serum cholesterol levels were routinely measured, and electrocardiography was routinely performed. We recorded mortality from all causes and specific causes during a 12- to 18-year follow-up across categories of baseline alcohol consumption.

Results  Of the subjects, 28% drank beer, 61% drank wine but no beer, and 11% were abstainers; there was not much difference between social classes. During the follow-up, 3617 subjects died. The relative risk of death was estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model using nondrinkers as the reference and adjusting for 4 or 5 covariables. Moderate intake of both wine and beer was associated with lower relative risk for cardiovascular diseases; the risk was more significant with the intake of wine. For all-cause mortality, only daily wine intake (22-32 g of alcohol) was associated with a lower risk (0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.77; P<.001) due to a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, violent deaths, and other causes.

Conclusion  In eastern France, moderately drinking only wine was associated with a lower all-cause mortality, although drinking both wine and beer reduced the risk of cardiovascular death.

From Unit 330, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux, France (Drs Renaud and Salamon); Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France (Drs Guéguen and Siest).

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