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Colesevelam Hydrochloride (Cholestagel)
A New, Potent Bile Acid Sequestrant Associated With a Low Incidence of Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Michael H. Davidson, MD;
Maureen A. Dillon;
Bruce Gordon, MD;
Peter Jones, MD;
Julie Samuels, MD;
Stuart Weiss, MD;
Jonathon Isaacsohn, MD;
Phillip Toth, MD;
Steven K. Burke, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1893-1900.
Objectives To compare colesevelam hydrochloride (Cholestagel), a nonabsorbed hydrogel with bile acid–sequestering properties, with placebo for its lipid-lowering efficacy, its effects on laboratory and clinical safety parameters, and the incidence of adverse events.
Methods Following diet and placebo lead-in periods, placebo or colesevelam was administered at 4 dosages (1.5, 2.25, 3.0, or 3.75 g/d) for 6 weeks with morning and evening meals to men and women with hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level >4.14 mmol/L [>160 mg/dL]). Patients returned to the clinic every 2 weeks throughout the treatment period for lipid parameter measurements and adverse event assessments. Samples were collected for serum chemistry profiles, hematologic studies, coagulation studies, and vitamin level assessment at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment.
Results Among the 149 patients randomized, 137 completed the study. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased in a dosage-dependent manner by 0.11 mmol/L (4.2 mg/dL) (1.8%) in the 1.5-g/d colesevelam treatment group and up to 1.01 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) (19.1%) in the 3.75-g/d colesevelam treatment group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations at the end of treatment were significantly reduced from baseline levels in the 3.0- and 3.75-g/d colesevelam treatment groups (P=.01 and P<.001, respectively). Total cholesterol levels demonstrated a similar response to colesevelam treatment, with an 8.1% decrease from baseline in the 3.75-g/d treatment group (P<.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose significantly in the 3.0- and 3.75-g/d colesevelam treatment groups, by 11.2% (P=.006) and 8.1% (P=.02), respectively. Median triglyceride levels did not change from baseline, nor were there any significant differences between treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar among all groups.
Conclusions Colesevelam therapy is effective for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in persons with moderate hypercholesterolemia. It lacks the constipating effect of other bile acid sequestrants, demonstrating the potential for increased compliance.
From the Chicago Center for Clinical Research, Chicago, Ill (Dr Davidson); GelTex Pharmaceuticals Inc, Waltham, Mass (Ms Dillon and Dr Burke); the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY (Dr Gordon); the Baylor Lipid Clinic, Houston, Tex (Dr Jones); National Clinical Research, Richmond, Va (Dr Samuels); the San Diego Endocrine and Medical Clinic, San Diego, Calif (Dr Weiss); the Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (Dr Isaacsohn); and the Midwest Institute for Clinical Research Inc, Indianapolis, Ind (Dr Toth).
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