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Evaluating Hypertension Control in a Managed Care Setting
Mark Alexander, PhD;
Irene Tekawa, MA;
Enid Hunkeler, MA;
Bruce Fireman, MA;
Richard Rowell, MPH;
Joe V. Selby, MD, MPH;
Barry M. Massie, MD;
Warren Cooper, MD
Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:2673-2677.
Background We conducted a retrospective cohort study on a random sample of adult patients with hypertension in a large health maintenance organization to assess the feasibility of documenting blood pressure (BP) control and to compare different measures for defining BP control.
Methods Three criteria for BP control were assessed: systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg; diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg; and combined BP control, with systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg. Four methods of assessing hypertension control by the above criteria were examined: proportion of patients with BP under control at 75% and 50% or more of their office visits; the mean of all pressures during the study period; and the BP from the last visit during the study period.
Results The proportion of patients meeting each criterion for control was similar whether we used the mean BP for all visits, the last recorded BP, or control at 50% or more of visits. Control rates were substantially lower when the more stringent assessment, 75% of visits, was used. The proportion of patients with combined BP control at 75% or more of their visits was half that of the other methods.
Conclusions In this health maintenance organization population, results with the use of the simplest approach, the last BP measurement recorded, were similar to results with the mean BP. Our findings indicate that evaluation of BP control in a large health maintenance organization will find substantial room for improvement, and clinicians should be encouraged to be more aggressive in their management of hypertension, especially with regard to the systolic BP, which until recent years has been underemphasized.
From the Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland (Drs Alexander and Selby, Mss Tekawa and Hunkeler, and Messrs Fireman and Rowell); the Medical Effectiveness Research Center, the Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, the Division of General Internal Medicine (Dr Alexander), the Department of Medicine (Drs Alexander and Massie), University of California, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Massie), San Francisco; and Astra Pharmaceuticals LP, Wayne, Pa (Dr Cooper).
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