This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (34)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Review  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Marco Pahor, MD; Marshall B. Elam, MD, PhD; Robert J. Garrison, PhD; Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD; William B. Applegate, MD, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:237-245.

New predictors of cardiovascular events are needed to improve the accuracy of risk stratification. Such predictors should be easily measurable in the population and potentially modifiable. This review reports on new biomarkers that are closely linked to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of the atherosclerotic plaque leading to rupture and thrombosis that ultimately precipitate acute clinical events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. These risk factors have been associated with subclinical or clinical cardiovascular disease in large populations and include markers of lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, vitamin B₁₂ metabolism, fibrinolysis, coagulation, inflammation, infection, endothelial dysfunction, the angiotensin system, and oxidative stress. For other key processes of atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, such as apoptosis or programmed cell death, there are currently no markers that can be measured noninvasively. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial condition and possibly only a subset of factors are the main determinants of disease in a given patient. A better definition of the cardiovascular risk profile will help to better target primary and secondary prevention. Further epidemiological studies are needed to characterize the actual predictive and clinical value of these new emerging cardiovascular biomarkers.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Total Erythrocyte Membrane Cholesterol: An Innocent New Marker or an Active Player in Acute Coronary Syndromes?
Arbustini
J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2090-2092.
FULL TEXT  

Thyroid Status, Cardiovascular Risk, and Mortality in Older Adults
Cappola et al.
JAMA 2006;295:1033-1041.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reducing Coronary Artery Disease by Decreasing Homocysteine Levels
Coffey et al.
Crit Care Nurse 2003;23:25-30.
FULL TEXT  

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design
Bild et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:871-881.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: The Framingham Offspring Study
Meigs et al.
Diabetes Care 2002;25:1313-1319.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An Evidence-Based Assessment of the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II Guidelines
Ansell et al.
JAMA 1999;282:2051-2057.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emerging Noninvasive Biochemical Measures: Potential Explanation for Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Risk
Enas and Jacob
Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1812-1813.
FULL TEXT