 |
|
Plasma Viral Load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 Singly and Dually Infected Individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Significantly Lower Plasma Virus Set Point in HIV-2 Infection Than in HIV-1 Infection
Sören Andersson, MD, PhD;
Hans Norrgren, MD, PhD;
Zacarias da Silva, MD;
Antonio Biague, MD;
Sana Bamba, MD;
Shirley Kwok, PhD;
Cindy Christopherson, PhD;
Gunnel Biberfeld, MD, PhD;
Jan Albert, MD, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3286-3293.
Background The intriguing differences in the natural course, transmissibility, and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 are still insufficiently explained. Differences in plasma viral load are an obvious possibility, but this has been difficult to investigate because of the lack of tests for HIV-2 RNA.
Objective To compare plasma HIV RNA load between individuals infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Guinea-Bissau, a West African country with high prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.
Methods A total of 102 participants were recruited from ongoing prospective cohort studies. These included 19 HIV-1 and 29 HIV-2 seroincident cases tested at a median of less than 2 years after seroconversion as well as seroprevalent cases with single (9 HIV-1 cases and 31 HIV-2 cases) or dual (n = 14) infections. Plasma HIV RNA levels were determined by a commercial HIV-1 assay and an experimental HIV-2 assay based on the same principles.
Results The viral set point, ie, the semi-equilibrium reached after seronconversion, was 28-fold lower in recent HIV-2 seroconverters than in recent HIV-1 seroconverters (median, 2500 and 70,000 RNA copies per milliliter, respectively; P<.001). This difference appeared to persist to symptomatic stages of the diseases. Dually infected individuals had lower plasma HIV-1 RNA levels than singly infected individuals.
Conclusions The differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection are likely to be caused by differences in plasma viral set point and load, but the mechanisms through which HIV-2 infection is contained to a higher degree than HIV-1 remain to be identified.
From the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and the Microbiology and Tumour Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Andersson, Biberfeld, and Albert); Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (Dr Norrgren); National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau (Drs da Silva, Biague, and Bamba); and Roche Molecular Systems Inc, Alameda, Calif (Drs Kwok and Christopherson).
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific T-Cell Immunity in Control of Dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infection
Zheng et al.
J. Virol. 2007;81:9061-9071.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Comparison of Heterologous Neutralizing Antibody Responses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-Infected Senegalese Patients: Distinct Patterns of Breadth and Magnitude Distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections
Rodriguez et al.
J. Virol. 2007;81:5331-5338.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Direct Evidence of Lower Viral Replication Rates In Vivo in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Infection than in HIV-1 Infection
MacNeil et al.
J. Virol. 2007;81:5325-5330.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Increased Frequency of Circulating CCR5+ CD4+ T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection
Soares et al.
J. Virol. 2006;80:12425-12429.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Genomic Sites of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Integration: Similarities to HIV-1 In Vitro and Possible Differences In Vivo.
MacNeil et al.
J. Virol. 2006;80:7316-7321.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 coreceptor usage, autologous neutralization, envelope sequence and glycosylation
Shi et al.
J. Gen. Virol. 2005;86:3385-3396.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Polymorphism and Drug-Selected Mutations in the Protease Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 from Patients Living in Southern France
Colson et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004;42:570-577.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Theoretical Design of a Gene Therapy To Prevent AIDS but Not Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Weinberger et al.
J. Virol. 2003;77:10028-10036.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Natural variation of the nef gene in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in Portugal
Padua et al.
J. Gen. Virol. 2003;84:1287-1299.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Plasma RNA Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Subtype A and Subtype B Infections
Damond et al.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:3654-3659.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2
Reeves and Doms
J. Gen. Virol. 2002;83:1253-1265.
FULL TEXT
|
