 |
|
Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Death
Päivi Kleemola, MSc;
Pekka Jousilahti, MD, PhD;
Pirjo Pietinen, DSc;
Erkki Vartiainen, MD, PhD;
Jaakko Tuomilehto, MD, MPolSc, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3393-3400.
Objectives To study prospectively the relation of coffee drinking with fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality and to perform a cross-sectional analysis at baseline on the association between coffee drinking and CHD risk factors, diagnosed diseases, self-reported symptoms, and use of medicines.
Methods The study cohort consisted of 20 179 randomly selected eastern Finnish men and women aged 30 to 59 years who participated in a cross-sectional risk factor survey in 1972, 1977, or 1982. Habitual coffee drinking, health behavior, major known CHD risk factors, and medical history were assessed at the baseline examination. Each subject was followed up for 10 years after the survey using the national hospital discharge and death registers. Multivariate analyses were performed by using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results In men, the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction was not associated with coffee drinking. The age-adjusted association of coffee drinking was J shaped with CHD mortality and U shaped with all-cause mortality. The highest CHD mortality was found among those who did not drink coffee at all (multivariate adjusted). Also, in women, all-cause mortality decreased by increasing coffee drinking. The prevalence of smoking and the mean level of serum cholesterol increased with increasing coffee drinking. Non–coffee drinkers more often reported a history of various diseases and symptoms, and they also more frequently used several drugs compared with coffee drinkers.
Conclusions Coffee drinking does not increase the risk of CHD or death. In men, slightly increased mortality from CHD and all causes in heavy coffee drinkers is largely explained by the effects of smoking and a high serum cholesterol level.
From the Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland (Ms Kleemola); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (Drs Jousilahti, Vartiainen, and Tuomilehto) and Nutrition (Dr Pietinen), National Public Health Institute, Helsinki.
RELATED ARTICLE
Archives of Internal Medicine Reader's Choice: Continuing Medical Education
Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(22):3508.
FULL TEXT
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Coffee Consumption and Coronary Calcification: The Rotterdam Coronary Calcification Study
van Woudenbergh et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2008;28:1018-1023.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione Trial
Silletta et al.
Circulation 2007;116:2944-2951.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee drinking induces incorporation of phenolic acids into LDL and increases the resistance of LDL to ex vivo oxidation in humans
Natella et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007;86:604-609.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee consumption and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy and diabetic women.
Lopez-Garcia et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:888-893.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Lopez-Garcia et al.
Circulation 2006;113:2045-2053.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study
Andersen et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83:1039-1046.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Cornelis et al.
JAMA 2006;295:1135-1141.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States
Popkin et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83:529-542.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Chronic coffee consumption has a detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections
Vlachopoulos et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;81:1307-1312.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee Drinking Is Dose-Dependently Related to the Risk of Acute Coronary Events in Middle-Aged Men
Happonen et al.
J. Nutr. 2004;134:2381-2386.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Middle-aged Finnish Men and Women
Tuomilehto et al.
JAMA 2004;291:1213-1219.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
|
