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Legume Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
Lydia A. Bazzano, PhD;
Jiang He, MD, PhD;
Lorraine G. Ogden, MS;
Catherine Loria, PhD, MS;
Suma Vupputuri, PhD, MPH;
Leann Myers, PhD;
Paul K. Whelton, MD, MSc
Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:2573-2578.
Background Soybean protein and dietary fiber supplementation reduce serum cholesterol
in randomized controlled trials. Consumption of legumes, which are high in
bean protein and water-soluble fiber, may be associated with a reduced risk
of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods A total of 9632 men and women who participated in the First National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS)
and were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at their baseline examination
were included in this prospective cohort study. Frequency of legume intake
was estimated using a 3-month food frequency questionnaire, and incidence
of CHD and CVD was obtained from medical records and death certificates.
Results Over an average of 19 years of follow-up, 1802 incident cases of CHD
and 3680 incident cases of CVD were documented. Legume consumption was significantly
and inversely associated with risk of CHD (P = .002
for trend) and CVD (P = .02 for trend) after adjustment
for established CVD risk factors. Legume consumption 4 times or more per week
compared with less than once a week was associated with a 22% lower risk of
CHD (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.90) and an 11% lower
risk of CVD (relative risk, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.98).
Conclusions Our study indicates a significant inverse relationship between legume
intake and risk of CHD and suggests that increasing legume intake may be an
important part of a dietary approach to the primary prevention of CHD in the
general population.
From the Departments of Epidemiology (Drs Bazzano, He, Vupputuri, and
Whelton) and Biostatistics (Ms Ogden and Dr Myers), Tulane University School
of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La; and the National
Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda,
Md (Dr Loria).
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