You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 161 No. 3, February 12, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Archives
  •  Online Features
  Original Investigation
 This Article
 •Full text
 •PDF
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on ISI (120)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal
 Topic Collections
 •Diabetes Mellitus
 •Statistics and Research Methods
 •Alert me on articles by topic

Glucose Tolerance and Cardiovascular Mortality

Comparison of Fasting and 2-Hour Diagnostic Criteria

DECODE Study Group; on behalf of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group

Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:397-405.

Background  New diagnostic criteria for diabetes based on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level were approved by the American Diabetes Association. The impact of using FBG only has not been evaluated thoroughly. The fasting and the 2-hour glucose (2h-BG) criteria were compared with regard to the prediction of mortality.

Methods  Existing baseline data on glucose level at fasting and 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test from 10 prospective European cohort studies including 15 388 men and 7126 women aged 30 to 89 years, with a median follow-up of 8.8 years, were analyzed. Hazards ratios for death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke were estimated.

Results  Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the inclusion of FBG did not add significant information on the prediction of 2h-BG alone (P>.10 for various causes), whereas the addition of 2h-BG to FBG criteria significantly improved the prediction (P<.001 for all causes and P<.005 for cardiovascular disease). In a model including FBG and 2h-BG simultaneously, hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) in subjects with diabetes on 2h-BG were 1.73 (1.45-2.06) for all causes, 1.40 (1.02-1.92) for cardiovascular disease, 1.56 (1.03-2.36) for coronary heart disease, and 1.29 (0.66-2.54) for stroke mortality, compared with the normal 2h-BG group. Compared with the normal FBG group, the corresponding hazards ratios in subjects with diabetes on FBG were 1.21 (1.01-1.44), 1.20 (0.88-1.64), 1.09 (0.71-1.67), and 1.64 (0.88-3.07), respectively. The largest number of excess deaths was observed in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance but normal FBG levels.

Conclusion  The 2h-BG is a better predictor of deaths from all causes and cardiovascular disease than is FBG.




THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Fasting Plasma Glucose Cutoff for Diagnosis of Diabetes in a Japanese Population
Doi et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008;93:3425-3429.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The diabetes-cardiovascular risk paradox: results from a Finnish population-based prospective study
Barengo et al.
Eur Heart J 2008;29:1889-1895.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Leveraging Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Clinical Management of Adjunctive Pramlintide Therapy
Freeman et al.
Clin. Diabetes 2008;26:134-137.
FULL TEXT  

A Step Backward--or Is it Forward?
Genuth and Kahn
Diabetes Care 2008;31:1093-1096.
FULL TEXT  

Effect of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives on Metabolic Risk Factors in African-American Women
Frempong et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008;93:2097-2103.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sexual dimorphism in rabbit aortic endothelial function under acute hyperglycemic conditions and gender-specific responses to acute 17{beta}-estradiol
Goel et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2008;294:H2411-H2420.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

State of the Art Reviews: Glycemic Index, Obesity, and Chronic Disease
Marsh and Brand-Miller
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2008;2:142-150.
ABSTRACT  

Effect of carbohydrate distribution on postprandial glucose peaks with the use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes
Pearce et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008;87:638-644.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Plasma Glucose Regulation and Mortality in Pima Indians
Kim et al.
Diabetes Care 2008;31:488-492.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Natural History of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Diabetes: Role of hyperglycemia
Milicevic et al.
Diabetes Care 2008;31:S155-S160.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Dysglycemia
Bianchi et al.
Diabetes Care 2008;31:S208-S214.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of Impaired Fasting Glucose on Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
Levitzky et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:264-270.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Review: Postprandial glycaemia and cardiovascular risk
Peter and Rees
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2008;8:8-14.
ABSTRACT  

Abnormal Glucose Regulation Is Associated With Lipid-Rich Coronary Plaque: Relationship to Insulin Resistance
Amano et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2008;1:39-45.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Joint effects of history of hypertension at baseline and type 2 diabetes at baseline and during follow-up on the risk of coronary heart disease
Hu et al.
Eur Heart J 2007;28:3059-3066.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gender difference in rat aorta vasodilation after acute exposure to high glucose: Involvement of protein kinase C {beta} and superoxide but not of Rho Kinase
Goel et al.
Cardiovasc Res 2007;76:351-360.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Treadmill Aerobic Training Improves Glucose Tolerance and Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Disabled Stroke Survivors: A Preliminary Report
Ivey et al.
Stroke 2007;38:2752-2758.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Population-Based Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Northern Spain: The Asturias Study
Valdes et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:2258-2263.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fasting Glucose Levels in Predicting 1-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients Who Do Not Have Diabetes and Are on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Lin-Tan et al.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007;18:2385-2391.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Fasting Glucose, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)
Barr et al.
Circulation 2007;116:151-157.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nateglinide and Mitiglinide, but Not Sulfonylureas, Induce Insulin Secretion through a Mechanism Mediated by Calcium Release from Endoplasmic Reticulum
Shigeto et al.
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2007;322:1-7.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gestational Diabetes After Delivery: Short-term management and long-term risks
Kitzmiller et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:S225-S235.
FULL TEXT  

Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: full text: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Authors/Task Force Members et al.
Eur Heart J Suppl 2007;9:C3-C74.
FULL TEXT  

Review: Pre-diabetes: clinical relevance and therapeutic approach
Pratley and Matfin
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2007;7:120-129.
ABSTRACT  

The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular mortality: a 13-year follow-up study in elderly non-diabetic Finns
Wang et al.
Eur Heart J 2007;28:857-864.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Implications for care
Nathan et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:753-759.
FULL TEXT  

Transplant-Associated Hyperglycemia: A New Look at an Old Problem
Crutchlow and Bloom
CJASN 2007;2:343-355.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cardiometabolic Risk in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Pankow et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:325-331.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Authors/Task Force Members et al.
Eur Heart J 2007;28:88-136.
FULL TEXT  

Oral glucose tolerance test is needed for appropriate classification of glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart
Bartnik et al.
Heart 2007;93:72-77.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diabetes known or newly detected, but not impaired glucose regulation, has a negative influence on 1-year outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart
Lenzen et al.
Eur Heart J 2006;27:2969-2974.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Beneficial Associations of Physical Activity With 2-h but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Australian Adults: The AusDiab Study
Healy et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:2598-2604.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prediction of Postprandial Glycemic Exposure: Utility of fasting and 2-h glucose measurements alone and in combination with assessment of body composition, fitness, and strength
Cohen et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:2708-2713.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The relationship between coronary artery disease and abnormal glucose regulation in China: the China Heart Survey
Hu et al.
Eur Heart J 2006;27:2573-2579.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impaired glucose tolerance as a risk factor for stroke in a cohort of non-institutionalised people aged 70 years
Kaarisalo et al.
Age Ageing 2006;35:592-596.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

New-onset diabetes and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the cardiovascular health study.
Smith et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:2012-2017.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Value of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the Evaluation of Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy
Hoffman-Snyder et al.
Arch Neurol 2006;63:1075-1079.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of the 1997 and 2003 American Diabetes Association Classification of Impaired Fasting Glucose: Impact on Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose, Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease in a Community-Based Medical Practice
Kim et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:293-297.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Effect of Glucose Variability on the Risk of Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Kilpatrick et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:1486-1490.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A call to action from the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association
Eckel et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:1697-1699.
FULL TEXT  

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Call to Action From the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association
Eckel et al.
Circulation 2006;113:2943-2946.
FULL TEXT  

Diabetes and lipid lowering: where are we?
Reckless
BMJ 2006;332:1103-1104.
FULL TEXT  

Point: Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Case for the New American Diabetes Association Criterion
Shaw et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:1170-1172.
FULL TEXT  

Counterpoint: Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Case Against the New American Diabetes Association Guidelines
Dekker and Balkau
Diabetes Care 2006;29:1173-1175.
FULL TEXT  

Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Acute Stroke Patients: An underrecognized problem
Matz et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:792-797.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of serum proinsulin with hormone replacement therapy in nondiabetic older women: the rancho bernardo study.
Kim and Barrett-Connor
Diabetes Care 2006;29:618-624.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Postprandial Blood Glucose Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events Than Fasting Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Particularly in Women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
Cavalot et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;91:813-819.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of a Single Administration of Acarbose on Postprandial Glucose Excursion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Crossover Study
Shimabukuro et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;91:837-842.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relation Between Blood Glucose and Coronary Mortality Over 33 Years in the Whitehall Study
Brunner et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:26-31.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of Different Insulin Regimes on Postprandial Myocardial Perfusion Defects in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Scognamiglio et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:95-100.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Should an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Be Performed Routinely in All Renal Transplant Recipients?
Armstrong et al.
CJASN 2006;1:100-108.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Vancheri et al.
QJM 2005;98:871-878.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice
Prepared by: British Cardiac Society, British Hype
Heart 2005;91:v1-v52.
FULL TEXT  

The Relation of Fasting and 2-h Postchallenge Plasma Glucose Concentrations to Mortality: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with a critical review of the literature
Sorkin et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:2626-2632.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Increased Mortality Risks of Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Fasting Glucose) in Taiwan
Wen et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:2756-2761.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Postprandial Hyperglycemia Is a Better Predictor of the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy Than HbA1c in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Shiraiwa et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:2806-2807.
FULL TEXT  

Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation: The Telde Study
Novoa et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:2388-2393.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Quantitative Coronary Angiographic Studies of Patients With Angina Pectoris and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Kataoka et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:2217-2222.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Scope of Practice, Standards of Practice, and Standards of Professional Performance for Diabetes Educators
The Diabetes Educator 2005;31:487-512.
FULL TEXT  

Changing the Definition of Impaired Fasting Glucose: Impact on the classification of individuals and risk definition
Vaccaro and Riccardi
Diabetes Care 2005;28:1786-1788.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Metabolic Syndrome: Requiescat in Pace
Reaven
Clin. Chem. 2005;51:931-938.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impaired Fasting Glucose and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease
Kanaya et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2005;142:813-820.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Comparison of three different definitions for the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Europeans
THE DECODE STUDY GROUP and Qiao
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2005;5:161-168.
ABSTRACT  

The Effect of Metformin and Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on the Metabolic Syndrome: The Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial
Orchard et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2005;142:611-619.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coronary Artery Disease Is Common in Nonuremic, Asymptomatic Type 1 Diabetic Islet Transplant Candidates
Senior et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:866-872.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Diabetes Care 2005;28:888-894.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of nateglinide and glimepiride in reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abletshauser et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2005;5:93-99.
ABSTRACT  

Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Following a Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke
Kernan et al.
Arch Intern Med 2005;165:227-233.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Glucose Intolerance in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without a Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Choi et al.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;90:175-180.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Blood Glucose and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Asia Pacific Region
Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration
Diabetes Care 2004;27:2836-2842.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Levitan et al.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2147-2155.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Insulin Glulisine Provides Improved Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Dailey et al.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:2363-2368.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance: The Sleep Heart Health Study
Punjabi et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:521-530.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Relationships Between Fasting, 2-Hour Postchallenge Plasma Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Values
Woerle et al.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1627-1632.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Glycated Hemoglobin Level Is Strongly Related to the Prevalence of Carotid Artery Plaques With High Echogenicity in Nondiabetic Individuals: The Tromso Study
Jorgensen et al.
Circulation 2004;110:466-470.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Independent Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Death: A Population-Based Study of 13 000 Men and Women With 20 Years of Follow-up
Almdal et al.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1422-1426.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Review: Mechanisms contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes
Jayapaul and Walker
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2004;4:227-231.
ABSTRACT  

Lowering the Criterion for Impaired Fasting Glucose: Impact on disease prevalence and associated risk of diabetes and ischemic heart disease
Tai et al.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:1728-1734.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Nondiabetic European Men and Women
Hu et al.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1066-1076.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coronary Vasomotor Abnormalities in Insulin-Resistant Individuals
Quinones et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2004;140:700-708.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

What are the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease in diabetes? Ten year analysis from a clinic based population
Stephens et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2004;4:190-194.
ABSTRACT  

Follow-up Report on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classificati
Clin. Diabetes 2004;22:71-79.
FULL TEXT  

Diagnosis, epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: an update for psychiatrists
Holt
Br. J. Psychiatry 2004;184:s55-s63.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Elevated White Blood Cell Count in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Ohshita et al.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:491-496.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies
Hanefeld et al.
Eur Heart J 2004;25:10-16.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Follow-up Report on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Spectr. 2004;17:51-59.
FULL TEXT  

Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care 2004;27:s47-47.
FULL TEXT  

Microvascular Complications of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Singleton et al.
Diabetes 2003;52:2867-2873.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Metabolic Syndrome as Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes: The San Antonio Heart Study
Lorenzo et al.
Diabetes Care 2003;26:3153-3159.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Follow-up Report on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classifi
Diabetes Care 2003;26:3160-3167.
FULL TEXT  

Bibliography
Scand J Public Health 2003;31:85-91.
 

Predictive Properties of Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Cardiovascular Risk Are Not Explained by the Development of Overt Diabetes During Follow-Up
Qiao et al.
Diabetes Care 2003;26:2910-2914.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Hyperglycaemia in diabetes: impact on nephropathy and cardiac risk
Torffvit
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:1711-1715.
FULL TEXT  

Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Are Associated With a Different Cardiovascular Profile
Pallardo et al.
Diabetes Care 2003;26:2318-2322.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | CME | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 2001 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.