This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (41)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Hypertension  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Analysis of NHANES III

Ihab M. Hajjar, MD, MS; Clarence E. Grim, MD; Varghese George, PhD; Theodore A. Kotchen, MD

Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:589-593.

Background  The impact of diet on blood pressure and the age-related changes in blood pressure have been difficult to detect within one population. We designed this analysis to study the association of major dietary factors with blood pressure and with age-related changes in blood pressure in a representative sample of the US population.

Methods  Data were obtained on all individuals 20 years or older (n = 17 030) surveyed in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), including demographic data, anthropometric data, dietary intake (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, protein, alcohol, and total energy) based on 24-hour recall, and blood pressure. Multivariate models relating diet to blood pressure were constructed using stepwise regression, best subset regression, and multiple regression.

Results  Systolic blood pressure was positively associated with higher sodium, alcohol, and protein intakes (P<.05) and negatively associated with potassium intake (P = .003). Diastolic blood pressure was negatively associated with potassium and alcohol intakes (P<.001). Pulse pressure was positively associated with sodium, protein, and alcohol intakes (P<.001). A higher intake of calcium (P = .01) was associated with a lower rate of rise in systolic blood pressure with age.

Conclusion  A diet low in sodium, alcohol, and protein is associated with lower systolic blood and pulse pressure. Potassium intake was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, whereas alcohol intake was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure. In addition, the age-related changes in systolic blood pressure were attenuated by higher calcium and protein intakes. Magnesium was not associated with any changes in blood pressure.

From the Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina/Palmetto Health Alliance, Columbia (Dr Hajjar), and the Departments of Medicine (Drs Grim and Kotchen) and Biostatistics (Dr George), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

Corresponding author: Ihab M. Hajjar, MD, MS, University of South Carolina/Palmetto Health Alliance, 9 Medical Park Dr, #230, Columbia, SC 29203 (e-mail: ihab.hajjar{at}rmh.edu).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

CHAPTER 9 Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases
Priori et al.
ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 2009;2:med-9780199566990-chapter-med-9780199566990-chapter.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Racial Differences in Urinary Potassium Excretion
Turban et al.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008;19:1396-1402.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Layman et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008;87:1571S-1575S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Optimal vitamin D status attenuates the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure in white Americans: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Judd et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008;87:136-141.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Eat Your Fruits and Vegetables But Hold the Salt
Conlin
Circulation 2007;116:1530-1531.
FULL TEXT  

Milk Peptides and Blood Pressure
Jauhiainen and Korpela
J. Nutr. 2007;137:825S-829S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nutritional influence on risk of high blood pressure in Bangladesh: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Chen et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:1224-1232.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Influence of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure.
Hollenberg
J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2006;25:240S-246S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect of Soybean Protein on Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
He et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2005;143:1-9.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diuretics Are Color Blind
Neaton and Kuller
JAMA 2005;293:1663-1666.
FULL TEXT  

Dietary Protein Source Determines the Degree of Hypertension and Renal Disease in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat
Mattson et al.
Hypertension 2005;45:736-741.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Influence of diet and genetics on hypertension and renal disease in Dahl salt-sensitive rats
Mattson et al.
Physiol. Genomics 2004;16:194-203.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Regional Variations of Blood Pressure in the United States Are Associated with Regional Variations in Dietary Intakes: The NHANES-III Data
Hajjar and Kotchen
J. Nutr. 2003;133:211-214.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT