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Risk of Progression to AIDS and Death in Women Infected With HIV-1 Initiating Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment at Different Stages of Disease
Kathryn Anastos, MD;
Yolanda Barrón, MS;
Paolo Miotti, MD;
Barbara Weiser, MD;
Mary Young, MD;
Nancy Hessol, MSPH;
Ruth M. Greenblatt, MD;
Mardge Cohen, MD;
Michael Augenbraun, MD;
Alexandra Levine, MD;
Alvaro Muñoz, PhD;
for the Women's Interagency HIV Study Collaborative Study Group
Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1973-1980.
Background The optimal virologic and immunologic stage at which to initiate antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is undefined.
Methods Among 1054 HIV-1–infected women in a prospective cohort study, we determined the time from initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death.
Results Median follow-up was 3.4 years. Of 553 women without AIDS at HAART initiation, 62 (11%) developed AIDS. Compared with women with CD4+ cell counts greater than 350/µL at HAART initiation, women with cell counts of 200 to 350/µL and less than 200/µL had relative hazards (RHs) for progression to AIDS of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.86) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.39-4.42), respectively. Compared with those with HIV-1 RNA values less than 5000 copies/mL, women with 5000 to 50 000 copies/mL and greater than 50 000 copies/mL had RHs of 1.39 (95% CI, 0.74-2.64) and 2.09 (95% CI, 1.09-3.99), respectively. Among women with AIDS at HAART initiation (n = 501), RHs of death were 1.97 (95% CI, 0.84-4.66) and 3.35 (95% CI, 1.59-7.08) with CD4+ cell counts of 200 to 350/µL and less than 200/µL, respectively, relative to those with greater than 350/µL, and 1.90 (95% CI, 0.84-4.30) and 3.70 (95% CI, 1.81-7.54) for those with HIV-1 RNA values of 5000 to 50 000 and greater than 50 000 copies/mL, respectively, relative to those with less than 5000 copies/mL.
Conclusions Progression to AIDS and death was predicted by pre-HAART values of less than 200/µL for CD4+ cells and greater than 50 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, indicating that deferral of HAART until the CD4+ cell count is between 350 and 200/µL is a valid strategy in the clinical management of HIV-1 infection.
From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, NY (Dr Anastos); Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (Ms Barrón and Dr Muñoz); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (Dr Miotti); Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health, Albany (Dr Weiser); Department of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (Dr Young); Departments of Epidemiology (Ms Hessol and Dr Greenblatt) and Internal Medicine (Dr Greenblatt), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Ill (Dr Cohen); Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY (Dr Augenbraun); and the Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Dr Levine).
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