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Prospective Study of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Hypertension in Young Women
Ravi Thadhani, MD, MPH;
Carlos A. Camargo, Jr, MD, DrPH;
Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH;
Gary C. Curhan, MD, ScD;
Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH;
Eric B. Rimm, ScD
Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:569-574.
Background Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
However, the effect of moderate alcohol consumption; the specific effects
of wine, beer, and liquor; and the pattern of drinking in relation to risk
of hypertension among young women are unclear.
Methods We prospectively examined the association between alcohol consumption
and subsequent risk of hypertension among 70 891 women 25 to 42 years
of age.
Results During the 8 years of follow-up, 4188 cases (5.9%) of incident hypertension
were reported. After adjustment for multiple covariates, the association between
alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension followed a J-shaped curve. Compared
with nondrinkers, the risk of developing hypertension according to average
number of drinks consumed per day was as follows: 0.25 or less, 0.96 (95%
confidence interval [CI], 0.89-1.03); 0.26 to 0.50, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75-0.98);
0.51 to 1.00, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82-1.04); 1.01 to 1.50, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.80-1.24);
1.51 to 2.00, 1.20 (95% CI, 0.92-1.58); and more than 2.0 drinks, 1.31 (95%
CI, 1.02-1.68). Exclusion of past drinkers yielded similar results. Among
women in the highest category of alcohol consumption, there was a suggestion
that the increased risk of hypertension was present regardless of the specific
beverage consumed (beer, wine, or liquor). Episodic drinking, defined as consumption
of more than 10.5 drinks over 3 or fewer days per week, was not associated
with increased risk of hypertension (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.51-1.23).
Conclusions The association between alcohol consumption and risk of chronic hypertension
in young women follows a J-shaped curve, with light drinkers demonstrating
a modest decrease in risk and more regular heavy drinkers demonstrating an
increase in risk.
From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's
Hospital (Drs Thadhani, Camargo, Stampfer, Curhan, Willett, and Rimm); Renal
Unit (Drs Thadhani and Curhan) and Department of Emergency Medicine (Dr Camargo),
Massachusetts General Hospital; Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology,
Harvard School of Public Health (Drs Stampfer, Willett, and Rimm); and Harvard
Medical School (Drs Thadhani, Camargo, Stampfer, Curhan, Willett, and Rimm),
Boston, Mass.
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