 |
|
Plasma Total Cholesterol Level as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer Disease
The Framingham Study
Zaldy Sy Tan, MD, MPH;
Sudha Seshadri, MD;
Alexa Beiser, PhD;
Peter W. F. Wilson, MD;
Douglas P. Kiel, MD, MPH;
Michael Tocco, BA;
Ralph B. D'Agostino, PhD;
Philip A. Wolf, MD
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1053-1057.
Background Previous studies examining the association of plasma cholesterol levels with the risk for development of Alzheimer disease (AD) have been inconclusive. We examined the impact of baseline and lifetime plasma total cholesterol levels averaged across many years on the risk for AD in a large, population-based cohort.
Methods Five thousand two hundred nine subjects from the Framingham Study original cohort underwent biennial evaluation for cardiovascular risk factors since 1950, with estimations of serum total cholesterol levels at 19 of these 25 biennial examinations. The study sample consisted of 1026 subjects from this cohort who were alive and free of stroke and dementia at examination cycle 20 (1988-1989) and had undergone apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. The main outcome measure was incident AD diagnosed using standard criteria, according to average total cholesterol levels across biennial examination cycles 1 to 15 and baseline total cholesterol level measured at the 20th biennial examination cycle.
Results Alzheimer disease developed in 77 subjects from 1992 to 2000. After adjustment for age, sex, APOE genotype, smoking, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), coronary heart disease, and diabetes, we found no significant association between the risk for incident AD and average cholesterol level at biennial examination cycles 1 to 15 (hazard ratio per 10-mg/dL [0.3-mmol/L] rise, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.04) or baseline total cholesterol level at examination 20 (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.05).
Conclusion In this large, population-based cohort, baseline and long-term average serum total cholesterol levels were not associated with the risk for incident AD.
From the Division on Aging, Harvard Medical School (Drs Tan and Kiel), the Departments of Neurology (Drs Seshadri and Wolf and Mr Tocco) and Medicine (Dr Wilson), Boston University School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (Dr Beiser), the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged Research and Training Institute (Drs Tan and Kiel), and the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University (Dr D'Agostino), Boston, Mass. The authors have no relevant financial interest in this article.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Cholesterol as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies With Meta-Analysis
Anstey et al.
AJGP 2008;16:343-354.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Characterization of the Lipid Profile in Dementia and Depression in the Elderly
Dimopoulos et al.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2007;20:138-144.
ABSTRACT
The Relation between Apolipoprotein A-I and Dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Saczynski et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:985-992.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Invited Commentary: Lipoproteins and Dementia--Is It the Apolipoprotein A-I?
Scarmeas
Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:993-997.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Plasma Phosphatidylcholine Docosahexaenoic Acid Content and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
Schaefer et al.
Arch Neurol 2006;63:1545-1550.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Genetic Association Between USF 1 and USF 2 Gene Polymorphisms and Japanese Alzheimer's Disease.
Shibata et al.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2006;61:660-662.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Cholesterol, APOE genotype, and Alzheimer disease: An epidemiologic study of Nigerian Yoruba
Hall et al.
Neurology 2006;66:223-227.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Serum cholesterol and risk of Alzheimer disease: A community-based cohort study
Li et al.
Neurology 2005;65:1045-1050.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
High total cholesterol levels in late life associated with a reduced risk of dementia
Mielke et al.
Neurology 2005;64:1689-1695.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
APOE genotype, cholesterol level, lipid-lowering treatment, and dementia: The Three-City Study
Dufouil et al.
Neurology 2005;64:1531-1538.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Independent effects of APOE on cholesterol metabolism and brain A{beta} levels in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
Mann et al.
Hum Mol Genet 2004;13:1959-1968.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Stroke and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Honig et al.
Arch Neurol 2003;60:1707-1712.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
From the library
Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1532-1532.
FULL TEXT
Serum Cholesterol Is Not Related to Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
JWatch Psychiatry 2003;2003:10-10.
FULL TEXT
Serum Cholesterol Is Not Related to Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
JWatch General 2003;2003:2-2.
FULL TEXT
|
