 |
|
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease–Related and All-Cause Death According to Serum Concentrations of Enterolactone
Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Meri Vanharanta, PhD, MPH;
Sari Voutilainen, PhD;
Tiina H. Rissanen, MSc;
Herman Adlercreutz, MD, PhD;
Jukka T. Salonen, MD, PhD, MScPH
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1099-1104.
Background Enterolactone is a plant-derived compound that has been associated with a reduced risk of acute coronary events and cancer. Several studies have suggested that serum enterolactone concentration may play a role as a biomarker of a diet high in fiber and vegetables. Owing to its phenolic structure, enterolactone and its plant lignan precursors, which are converted by intestinal bacteria to enterolactone, are potential antioxidants.
Methods The associations between serum enterolactone level and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)–related, cardiovascular disease (CVD)–related, and all-cause mortality were investigated in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, which is a prospective population-based study of middle-aged Finnish men. The serum enterolactone concentration and cardiovascular risk factors were determined in 1889 men aged 42 to 60 years. In an average follow-up of 12.2 years, 70 CHD-related, 103 CVD-related, and 242 all-cause deaths occurred in participants free of prior CVD.
Results Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between elevated serum enterolactone concentration and reduced risk of CHD- and CVD-related mortality, but weaker associations in relation to all-cause mortality. In the Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for the most potent confounding factors, the risk of CHD-related (P = .03 for trend) and CVD-related (P = .04 for trend) death decreased linearly across quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration.
Conclusions Our data suggest that a high serum enterolactone level is associated with reduced CHD- and CVD-related mortality in middle-aged Finnish men. These results add to the evidence supporting the importance of whole grain foods, fruits, and vegetables in the prevention of premature death from CVD.
From the Research Institute of Public Health (Drs Vanharanta, Voutilainen, and Salonen, and Ms Rissanen) and the Department of Public Health and General Practice (Ms Rissanen and Dr Salonen), University of Kuopio, Kuopio; The Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Dr Adlercreutz); and The Inner Savo Health Centre, Suonenjoki (Dr Salonen), Finland. The authors have no relevant financial interest in this article.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Daily Consumption for Six Weeks of a Lignan Complex Isolated from Flaxseed Does Not Affect Endothelial Function in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Hallund et al.
J. Nutr. 2006;136:2314-2318.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Impact of Dietary Patterns and Interventions on Cardiovascular Health
Zarraga and Schwarz
Circulation 2006;114:961-973.
FULL TEXT
Intakes of 4 dietary lignans and cause-specific and all-cause mortality in the Zutphen Elderly Study.
Milder et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:400-405.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Serum Enterolactone Concentration and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Case-Cohort Study of Finnish Male Smokers
Kilkkinen et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:687-693.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Relative Bioavailability of Enterolignans in Humans Is Enhanced by Milling and Crushing of Flaxseed
Kuijsten et al.
J. Nutr. 2005;135:2812-2816.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Intake of the Plant Lignans Secoisolariciresinol, Matairesinol, Lariciresinol, and Pinoresinol in Dutch Men and Women
Milder et al.
J. Nutr. 2005;135:1202-1207.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Pharmacokinetics of Enterolignans in Healthy Men and Women Consuming a Single Dose of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside
Kuijsten et al.
J. Nutr. 2005;135:795-801.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Prospective Study on Usual Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Western Women
van der Schouw et al.
Circulation 2005;111:465-471.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies
Arts and Hollman
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005;81:317S-325S.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Whole grains and coronary heart disease: the whole kernel of truth
Anderson
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;80:1459-1460.
FULL TEXT
|
