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Ischa Stranders, MD; Michaela Diamant, MD, PhD; Rogier E. van Gelder, MD; Hugo J. Spruijt, MSEE; Jos W. R. Twisk, PhD; Robert J. Heine, MD, PhD, FRCP; Frans C. Visser, MD, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:982-988.

Background  High admission blood glucose levels after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are common and associated with an increased risk of death in subjects with and without known diabetes. Recent data indicate a high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with unknown diabetes at the time of AMI. We investigated the predictive value of admission blood glucose levels after AMI for long-term prognosis in patients with and without previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus, particularly in those with unknown diabetes but with blood glucose levels in the diabetic range.

Methods  In a retrospective study with prospective follow-up, 846 patients (737 without and 109 with known diabetes) were eligible for follow-up during a median of 50 months (range, 0-93 months).

Results  During follow-up, 208 nondiabetic patients (28.2%) and 47 diabetic patients (43.1%) died (P = .002). An increase of 18 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) in glucose level was associated with a 4% increase of mortality risk in nondiabetic patients and 5% in diabetic patients (both P<.05). Of the 737 previously nondiabetic subjects, 101 had admission blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or more, and mortality in these patients was comparable to that in patients who had established diabetes (42.6% vs 43.1%).

Conclusions  Admission blood glucose level after AMI is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients with and without known diabetes. Subjects with unknown diabetes and admission glucose levels of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or more after AMI have mortality rates comparable to those of subjects with established diabetes. Admission blood glucose level may serve to identify subjects at high long-term mortality risk, in particular among those with unknown diabetes.

From the Departments of Cardiology (Drs Stranders, and Visser and Mr Spruijt) and Endocrinology (Drs Diamant and Heine) and the Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (Dr Twisk), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (Dr van Gelder). The authors have no relevant financial interest in this article.

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