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American Pain Society Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Acute and Cancer Pain Management
American Pain Society Quality of Care Task Force
Debra B. Gordon, RN, MS;
June L. Dahl, PhD;
Christine Miaskowski, RN, PhD;
Bill McCarberg, MD;
Knox H. Todd, MD, MPH;
Judith A. Paice, RN, PhD;
Arthur G. Lipman, PharmD;
Marilyn Bookbinder, RN, PhD;
Steve H. Sanders, PhD;
Dennis C. Turk, PhD;
Daniel B. Carr, MD
Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1574-1580.
Background The American Pain Society (APS) set out to revise and expand its 1995 Quality Improvement Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain and to facilitate improvements in the quality of pain management in all care settings.
Methods Eleven multidisciplinary members of the APS with expertise in quality improvement or measurement participated in the update. Five experts from organizations that focus on health care quality reviewed the final recommendations. MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched (1994-2004) to identify articles on pain quality measurement and quality improvement published after the development of the 1995 guidelines. The APS task force revised and expanded recommendations on the basis of the systematic review of published studies. The more than 3000 members of the APS were invited to provide input, and the 5 experts provided additional comments. The task force synthesized reviewers comments into the final set of recommendations.
Results The recommendations specify that all care settings formulate structured, multilevel systems approaches (sensitive to the type of pain, population served, and setting of care) that ensure prompt recognition and treatment of pain, involvement of patients and families in the pain management plan, improved treatment patterns, regular reassessment and adjustment of the pain management plan as needed, and measurement of processes and outcomes of pain management.
Conclusion Efforts to improve the quality of pain management must move beyond assessment and communication of pain to implementation and evaluation of improvements in pain treatment that are timely, safe, evidence based, and multimodal.
Author Affiliations: Department of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison (Ms Gordon); Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison (Dr Dahl); Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Miaskowski); Family MedicineKaiser Permanente, San Diego, Calif (Dr McCarberg); Pain and Emergency Medicine Institute (Dr Todd) and Pain Medicine and Palliative Care (Dr Bookbinder), Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (Dr Paice); Departments of Pharmacotherapy and Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Lipman); Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Siskin Hospital, Chattanooga, Tenn (Dr Sanders); Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle (Dr Turk); and Department of Anesthesiology, New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass (Dr Carr).
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