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Daily Life Activity and the Risk of Developing Hypertension in Middle-aged Japanese Men
Noriyuki Nakanishi, MD, DrPH;
Kenji Suzuki, ScD
Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:214-220.
Background Although previous studies suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of hypertension, the role of daily life activity in the development of hypertension remains unclear.
Methods The study population included 2548 Japanese male office workers aged 35 to 59 years, who were without hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure [DBP] <90 mm Hg, and no medication for hypertension) and had no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily life energy expenditure was estimated by a 1-day activity record during an ordinary weekday at study entry. Blood pressures were measured at periodic annual health examinations over 7 successive years.
Results After controlling for potential predictors of hypertension (age, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, regular physical exercise at entry, and change in body mass index during the follow-up period), mean SBP and DBP in each follow-up year decreased as daily life energy expenditure increased. With additional adjustment for SBP at entry, the relative risk of hypertension (SBP  140 mm Hg and/or DBP 90 mm Hg or medication for hypertension) across quartiles of daily life energy expenditure (lowest to highest) were 1.00, 0.84, 0.75, and 0.54 (P<.001 for trend). Analyses by presence or absence of a risk factor demonstrated that the risk of hypertension was inversely related to daily life energy expenditure in men at either low or high risk of hypertension. Daily life energy expenditure was also associated with reduced risk of hypertension for subjects in all 3 categories of normotension: low normal, normal, and high normal.
Conclusions Increased daily life activity is effective for the prevention of hypertension, and this benefit applies to men at either low or high risk of hypertension.
Author Affiliations: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Course of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (Dr Nakanishi); and Japan Labor and Welfare Association, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Suzuki).
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
Daily Life Activity and Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Nakanishi et al.
Diabetes Care 2005;28:1500-1502.
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