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A Randomized Trial Comparing Human e-Mail Counseling, Computer-Automated Tailored Counseling, and No Counseling in an Internet Weight Loss Program
Deborah F. Tate, PhD;
Elizabeth H. Jackvony, MPH;
Rena R. Wing, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1620-1625.
Background Several studies have shown that e-mail counseling improves weight loss achieved in self-directed Internet programs. Computer-tailored feedback offers a population-based alternative to human e-mail counseling.
Methods One hundred ninety-two adults, aged 49.2 ± 9.8 years, having a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 32.7 ± 3.5, were randomized to 1 of 3 Internet treatment groups: No counseling, computer-automated feedback, or human e-mail counseling. All participants received 1 weight loss group session, coupons for meal replacements, and access to an interactive Web site. The human e-mail counseling and computer-automated feedback groups also had access to an electronic diary and message board. The human e-mail counseling group received weekly e-mail feedback from a counselor, and the computer-automated feedback group received automated, tailored messages.
Results Retention was 82% at 3 months and 80% at 6 months for all 3 groups. At 3 months, completers in both the computer-automated feedback (–5.3 ± 4.2 kg) and human e-mail counseling (–6.1 ± 3.9 kg) groups had significantly greater weight losses compared with the no counseling group (–2.8 ± 3.5 kg) and these groups did not differ from each other. At 6 months, weight losses were significantly greater in the human e-mail counseling group (–7.3 ± 6.2 kg) than in the computer-automated feedback (–4.9 ± 5.9 kg) or no counseling (–2.6 ± 5.7 kg) groups. Intent-to-treat analyses using single or multiple imputation techniques showed the same pattern of significance.
Conclusions Providing automated computer-tailored feedback in an Internet weight loss program was as effective as human e-mail counseling at 3 months. Further research is needed to improve the efficacy of automated computer-tailored feedback as a population-based weight loss approach.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00200304.
Author Affiliations: Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education/Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Dr Tate); and Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Miriam Hospital (Ms Jackvony and Dr Wing); and Brown University School of Medicine (Dr Wing), Providence, RI.
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