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Andrea J. Hoopes, BA; J. Steve Kammerer, MBA; Theresa A. Harrington, MD; MPH TM; Kashef Ijaz, MD, MPH; Lori R. Armstrong, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(18):1984-1992.

Background  Seven percent of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported to the US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System in 2005 had Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with resistance to at least isoniazid.

Methods  We undertook this study to describe demographic characteristics, risk factor information, and treatment outcomes for persons with isoniazid-monoresistant (resistant to isoniazid and susceptible to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride) TB compared with persons with TB susceptible to all first-line anti-TB drugs.

Results  The numbers of isoniazid-monoresistant TB cases increased from 303 (4.1%) in 1993 to 351 (4.2%) in 2005. In our multivariate analysis of all TB cases reported from 1993 to 2003, the races/ethnicities of patients with isoniazid-monoresistant TB were significantly more likely to be US-born Asian/Pacific Islander (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.6), foreign-born Asian/Pacific Islander (1.8; 1.4-2.1), foreign-born black non-Hispanic (1.4; 1.1-1.7), or US-born Hispanic (1.3; 1.1-1.5). Isoniazid monoresistance was also associated with failure to complete therapy within 1 year (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8), a history of TB (1.5; 1.3-1.7), and correctional facility residence (1.5; 1.2-1.7).

Conclusions  Isoniazid-monoresistant TB did not decline from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2005, despite national downward trends observed in overall TB cases and in multidrug-resistant TB cases. Physicians must ensure completion of treatment for patients taking isoniazid as part of their TB or latent TB infection therapy. In addition, physicians should maintain heightened vigilance for isoniazid resistance when evaluating certain at-risk populations for TB and latent TB infection.

Author Affiliations: Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Ms Hoopes and Drs Harrington, Ijaz, and Armstrong), and Northrop Grumman Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (Mr Kammerer); and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (Ms Hoopes).

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In This Issue of Archives of Internal Medicine
Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(18):1944.
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