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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Death in Patients With StrokeA 10-Year Follow-up
Carin Sahlin, BSc;
Olov Sandberg, MD, PhD;
Yngve Gustafson, MD, PhD;
Gösta Bucht, MD, PhD;
Bo Carlberg, MD, PhD;
Hans Stenlund, PhD;
Karl A. Franklin, MD, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(3):297-301.
Background Sleep apnea occurs frequently among patients with stroke, but it is still unknown whether a diagnosis of sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for mortality. We aimed to investigate whether obstructive or central sleep apnea was related to reduced long-term survival among patients with stroke.
Methods Of 151 patients admitted for in-hospital stroke rehabilitation in the catchment area of Umeå from April 1, 1995, to May 1, 1997, 132 underwent overnight sleep apnea recordings at a mean (SD) of 23 (8) days after the onset of stroke. All patients were followed up prospectively for a mean (SD) of 10.0 (0.6) years, with death as the primary outcome; no one was lost to follow-up. Obstructive sleep apnea was defined when the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index was 15 or greater, and central sleep apnea was defined when the central apnea-hypopnea index was 15 or greater. Patients with obstructive and central apnea-hypopnea indexes of less than 15 served as control subjects.
Results Of 132 enrolled patients, 116 had died at follow-up. The risk of death was higher among the 23 patients with obstructive sleep apnea than controls (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.95; P = .03), independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and Barthel index of activities of daily living. There was no difference in mortality between the 28 patients with central sleep apnea and controls (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.76; P = .80).
Conclusions Patients with stroke and obstructive sleep apnea have an increased risk of early death. Central sleep apnea was not related to early death among the present patients.
Author Affiliations: Departments of Respiratory Medicine (Ms Sahlin and Dr Franklin), Geriatric Medicine (Drs Sandberg, Gustafson, and Bucht), and Medicine (Dr Carlberg), Umeå University Hospital, Umeå; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Umeå University, Umeå (Mr Stenlund); and National Respiratory Center, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm (Dr Franklin), Sweden.
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