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Long-term Follow-up

Marco Ho-Bun Lam, FHKAM(Psych); Yun-Kwok Wing, FRCPsych; Mandy Wai-Man Yu, MPH; Chi-Ming Leung, FHKAM(Psych); Ronald C. W. Ma, FRCP, FHKAM(Medicine); Alice P. S. Kong, FRCP, FHKAM(Medicine); W.Y. So, FRCP, FHKAM(Medicine); Samson Yat-Yuk Fong, FHKAM(Psych); Siu-Ping Lam, FHKAM(Psych)

Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(22):2142-2147.

Background  Short-term follow-up studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) survivors suggested that their physical conditions continuously improved in the first year but that their mental health did not. We investigated long-term psychiatric morbidities and chronic fatigue among SARS survivors.

Methods  All SARS survivors from the hospitals of a local region in Hong Kong were assessed by a constellation of psychometric questionnaires and a semistructured clinical interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) to determine the presence of psychiatric disorders and chronic fatigue problems.

Results  Of 369 SARS survivors, 233 (63.1%) participated in the study (mean period of time after SARS, 41.3 months). Over 40% of the respondents had active psychiatric illnesses, 40.3% reported a chronic fatigue problem, and 27.1% met the modified 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Logistic regression analysis suggested that being a health care worker at the time of SARS infection (odds ratio [OR], 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12- 9.39; P = .03), being unemployed at follow-up (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.50-14.78; P = .008), having a perception of social stigmatization (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20-7.60; P = .02), and having applied to the SARS survivors' fund (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.18-7.22; P = .02) were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric morbidities at follow-up, whereas application to the SARS survivors' fund (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.07-6.51; P = .04) was associated with increased risk of chronic fatigue problems.

Conclusions  Psychiatric morbidities and chronic fatigue persisted and continued to be clinically significant among the survivors at the 4-year follow-up. Optimization of the treatment of mental health morbidities by a multidisciplinary approach with a view for long-term rehabilitation, especially targeting psychiatric and fatigue problems and functional and occupational rehabilitation, would be needed.

Author Affiliations: Departments of Psychiatry (Drs M. H.-B. Lam, Wing, Yu, Leung, Fong, and S.-P. Lam) and Medicine and Therapeutics (Drs Ma, Kong, and So), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

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