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Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery DiseaseA Report From the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project
Martha Gulati, MD, MS;
Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, PharmD, MS;
Candace McClure, BS;
B. Delia Johnson, PhD;
Leslee J. Shaw, PhD;
Eileen M. Handberg, PhD;
Issam Zineh, PharmD;
Sheryl F. Kelsey, PhD;
Morton F. Arnsdorf, MD;
Henry R. Black, MD;
Carl J. Pepine, MD;
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD
Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(9):843-850.
Background Women with clinical findings suggestive of ischemia but without findings of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on angiography represent a frequent clinical problem; predicting prognosis is challenging.
Methods The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study examined symptomatic women referred for clinically indicated coronary angiography and followed up for a mean 5.2 years. The St James Women Take Heart (WTH) Project enrolled asymptomatic, community-based women with no history of heart disease who were followed up for 10 years. We compared cardiovascular events (ie, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure) and death in 540 WISE women with suspected ischemia but no angiographic evidence of obstructive CAD with those from a cohort of 1000 age- and race-matched WTH women.
Results Compared with the WISE women, asymptomatic WTH women had a lower prevalence of obesity, family history of CAD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (P < .001). Five-year annualized event rates for cardiovascular events were 16.0% in WISE women with nonobstructive CAD (stenosis in any coronary artery of 1%-49%), 7.9% in WISE women with normal coronary arteries (stenosis of 0% in all coronary arteries), and 2.4% in asymptomatic WTH women (P  .002), after adjusting for baseline CAD risk factors. The cardiovascular events were most frequent in women with 4 or more cardiac risk factors, with the 5-year annualized cardiovascular event rate being 25.3% in women with nonobstructive CAD, 13.9% in WISE women with normal coronary arteries, and 6.5% in asymptomatic women (P = .003).
Conclusion Women with symptoms and signs suggestive of ischemia but without obstructive CAD are at elevated risk for cardiovascular events compared with asymptomatic community-based women.
Author Affiliations: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University (Dr Gulati), and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago (Dr Arnsdorf), Chicago, Illinois; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (Drs Cooper-DeHoff, Handberg, Zineh, and Pepine) and Department of Pharmacy Practice (Dr Zineh), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms McClure and Drs Johnson and Kelsey); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Shaw); Department of Medicine, New York University, New York (Dr Black); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Bairey Merz).
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