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The CD4⁺ lymphocyte count is a crucial parameter for the assessment of the integrity of the immune system of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). T-lymphocyte counts are not static, however, and may be affected by a number of variables, including circadian rhythm,¹ smoking,² pregnancy,³ and immunization.⁴ In addition, a number of limited studies have suggested that infections and specific illnesses may also affect the CD4⁺ cell count^1-4; thus, immune function evaluation of hospitalized HIV-positive patients is often deferred until recovery. There are no data addressing more broadly the effect of generalized severe illness on the lymphocyte profiles of non–HIV-infected patients. This prospective observational study was designed to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in an HIV-negative population that required intensive care unit admission during acute illness.

Patients, Materials, and Methods

The study was conducted in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, from February 1996 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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