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Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:97-99.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

The administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has produced a significant decrease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related opportunistic infections, but also has changed the natural history and the usual presentation of some of these infections.^1-4 Soon after the introduction of combination regimens that included protease inhibitors, several researchers reported unusual clinical features in patients who developed opportunistic diseases after the initiation of HAART. The new clinical features have been well described for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease⁵ and for cytomegalovirus retinitis,⁶ and were given the generic name of "reactivation syndrome" or "immune reconstitution syndrome." This syndrome was attributed to the immunologic recovery produced by HAART, which could enhance the inflammatory response around the infection, producing either a relapse of clinical symptoms or the appearance of new-onset opportunistic infections.⁷

Descriptions of this syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with tuberculosis were also reported after the introduction of protease inhibitors.^8-11 Later . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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