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Li et al¹ reported that non-Hispanic whites, blacks, American Indians, Hawaiians, Indians and Pakistanis, South and Central Americans, and Puerto Ricans had 1.4- to 3.6-fold greater risks of presenting with stage IV breast cancer and had 20% to 200% greater risks of mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis. They conclude that a combination of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and possibly tumor characteristics, are likely to contribute to the differences in stage at breast cancer presentation and survival rates by race and ethnicity, but these results are able to be checked in continents, nations, and regions. Differences in survival have been reported among American and European breast cancer patients. Europeans had a significantly lower 5-year relative survival rates compared with Americans (73% vs 82%).² Moreover, differences in stage and therapy were reported across Europe, where Estonia, England, and Spain had the most advanced stage at diagnosis (39.3%, 21.1%, and 16.2%, respectively).³ . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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