This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on Web of Science (165)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related letters  • Related article  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Cardiovascular System  • Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Infarction  • Alert me on articles by topic  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

A Call to Action

Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:884-892.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

THIS CALL-TO-ACTION document is an initiative of the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Disease Network, an international, multidisciplinary network, adjoined by the mutual goal of increasing awareness, detection, and treatment rates of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and increasing awareness of the interrelationship between PAD and the risk of ischemic events. Although the prevalence of PAD in Europe and North America is estimated at approximately 27 million people, PAD remains a largely underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. Several recent epidemiologic studies have revealed PAD detection rates of 20% to 30% when specific at-risk populations were screened. In an effort to guide diagnostic and treatment protocols, the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Disease Network has recommended 5 action items. These are to (1) increase awareness of PAD and its consequences; (2) improve the identification of patients with symptomatic PAD; (3) initiate a screening protocol for patients at high risk for PAD; (4) improve treatment rates among patients . . . [Full Text of this Article]

INTRODUCTION

PAD EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVALENCE, AND RISK FACTORS

PAD Prevalence

Morbidity and Mortality

PAD DETECTION

Ankle-Brachial Index

Limitations of the ABI

PAD MANAGEMENT

Treatment of Commonly Associated PAD Risk Factors

Managing PAD Symptoms

Managing Critical and Acute Limb Ischemia

Risk Reduction With Pharmacologic Intervention

Role of Exercise Rehabilitation in the Treatment of PAD

CALL TO ACTION

Item 1: Increase Awareness of PAD and Its Consequences

Item 2: Improve the Identification of Patients With Symptomatic PAD

Item 3: Initiate a Screening Protocol for Patients at High Risk for PAD

Item 4: Improve Treatment Rates Among Patients Who Have Been Diagnosed With Symptomatic PAD

Item 5: Increase the Rates of Early Detection Among the Asymptomatic Population

SUMMARY



CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

RELATED LETTERS

Cost-effective, Risk-Free, Evidence-Based Medicine
Robert Matz
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2795.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cost-effective, Risk-Free, Evidence-Based Medicine—Reply
Jill J. F. Belch
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2795-2796.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

RELATED ARTICLE

Meeting the Challenge of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Jonathan L. Halperin and Valentin Fuster
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(8):877-878.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Mortality and Vascular Morbidity in Older Adults With Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Diehm et al.
Circulation 2009;120:2053-2061.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease With Vascular Events in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Sen et al.
Stroke 2009;40:3472-3477.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Type D Personality and Mortality in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Pilot Study
Aquarius et al.
Arch Surg 2009;144:728-733.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The 9p21 Myocardial Infarction Risk Allele Increases Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Older People
Cluett et al.
Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2009;2:347-353.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Vascular protection in peripheral artery disease: systematic review and modelling study
Hackam et al.
Heart 2009;95:1098-1102.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical aspects of silent myocardial ischaemia: with particular reference to diabetes mellitus
Dweck et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2009;9:110-116.
ABSTRACT  

Patient- and procedure-specific risk factors for postoperative complications in peripheral vascular surgery
Lange et al.
Qual Saf Health Care 2009;18:131-136.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a stethoscope? A pilot study
Carmo et al.
Fam Pract 2009;26:22-26.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial
Cacoub et al.
Eur Heart J 2009;0:ehn534v1-10.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The peripheral arterial disease subgroup in the CHARISMA trial: does it tell us anything new?
Gresele and Migliacci
Eur Heart J 2009;0:ehn565v1-2.
FULL TEXT  

Significant Correlation between Ankle-Brachial Index and Vascular Access Failure in Hemodialysis Patients
Chen et al.
CJASN 2009;4:128-134.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cell Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Al Mheid and Quyyumi
ANGIOLOGY 2009;59:705-716.
ABSTRACT  

Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: 5-Year Follow-Up Data from the Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease Study
Mueller et al.
Clin. Chem. 2009;55:68-77.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease
Belch et al.
BMJ 2008;337:a1840-a1840.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Arterial structure and function and environmental exposure to cadmium
Schutte et al.
Occup. Environ. Med. 2008;65:412-419.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Managing Preexisting Diabetes for Pregnancy: Summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care
Kitzmiller et al.
Diabetes Care 2008;31:1060-1079.
FULL TEXT  

Comparison of Orthotic Materials on Foot Pain, Comfort, and Plantar Pressure in the Neuroischemic Diabetic Foot: A Case Report
Burns et al.
J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2008;98:143-148.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peripheral arterial disease enters the biomarker era. Does risk stratification tell us something that we don't already know?
Gornik
Eur Heart J 2008;29:150-152.
FULL TEXT  

A Prognostic Risk Index for Long-term Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Feringa et al.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2482-2489.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gaps in Public Knowledge of Peripheral Arterial Disease: The First National PAD Public Awareness Survey
Hirsch et al.
Circulation 2007;116:2086-2094.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetic Susceptibility to Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Dark Corner in Vascular Biology
Knowles et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2007;27:2068-2078.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is a Simple Biomarker for Peripheral Arterial Disease on the Horizon?
Annex
Circulation 2007;116:1346-1348.
FULL TEXT  

Peripheral arterial disease -- a cardiovascular time bomb
Belch et al.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2007;7:236-239.
ABSTRACT  

The effect of current cigarette smoking on calf muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation in patients with intermittent claudication
Afaq et al.
Vasc Med 2007;12:167-173.
ABSTRACT  

Type-D Personality and Ankle Brachial Index as Predictors of Impaired Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Aquarius et al.
Arch Surg 2007;142:662-667.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Increased Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations and Low Molecular Weight Phenotypes of Apolipoprotein(a) Are Associated with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Dieplinger et al.
Clin. Chem. 2007;53:1298-1305.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reproducibility and reliability of the ankle--brachial index as assessed by vascular experts, family physicians and nurses
Holland-Letz et al.
Vasc Med 2007;12:105-112.
ABSTRACT  

Antiplatelet Therapy for Atherothrombotic Disease: An Update for the Primary Care Physician
Kikano and Brown
Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:583-593.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

One-Year Cardiovascular Event Rates in Outpatients With Atherothrombosis
Steg et al.
JAMA 2007;297:1197-1206.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Ankle Brachial Pressure Index: identifying cardiovascular risk and improving diagnostic accuracy
Bhasin and Scott
JRSM 2007;100:4-5.
FULL TEXT  

Peripheral arterial disease in patients with stages IV and V chronic renal failure
Guerrero et al.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:3525-3531.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: Observations From the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
Rajagopalan et al.
Circulation 2006;114:1914-1922.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease: More Harm Than Benefit?
Beckman et al.
Circulation 2006;114:861-866.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

In vivo identification of complicated upper thoracic aorta and arch vessel plaque by MR direct thrombus imaging in patients investigated for cerebrovascular disease.
Bitar et al.
Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006;187:228-234.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Increased Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A as a Marker for Peripheral Atherosclerosis: Results from the Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease Study
Mueller et al.
Clin. Chem. 2006;52:1096-1103.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Treatment of peripheral arterial disease--extending "intervention" to "therapeutic choice".
Hirsch
NEJM 2006;354:1944-1947.
FULL TEXT  

Cardioprotective Medication Is Associated With Improved Survival in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Feringa et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1182-1187.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Long-term Prognostic Value of the Resting and Postexercise Ankle-Brachial Index.
Feringa et al.
Arch Intern Med 2006;166:529-535.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peripheral arterial disease and risk of cardiac death in type 2 diabetes: the fremantle diabetes study.
Norman et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:575-580.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Limitation of the resting ankle-brachial index in symptomatic patients with peripheral arterial disease
Stein et al.
Vasc Med 2006;11:29-33.
ABSTRACT  

Does the Clinical Examination Predict Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease?
Khan et al.
JAMA 2006;295:536-546.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Contrast ultrasound perfusion imaging of lower extremities in peripheral arterial disease: a novel diagnostic method
Duerschmied et al.
Eur Heart J 2006;27:310-315.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical indicators and psychosocial aspects in peripheral arterial disease.
Aquarius et al.
Arch Surg 2006;141:161-166.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Vascular surgery patients: perioperative and long-term risk according to the ACC/AHA guidelines, the additive role of post-operative troponin elevation
Bursi et al.
Eur Heart J 2005;26:2448-2456.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Adrenomedullin: angiogenesis and gene therapy
Nagaya et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2005;288:R1432-R1437.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Introduction: The Challenge of Peripheral Arterial Disease in People with Diabetes: A Call to Action
Sanders
J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2005;95:307-308.
FULL TEXT  

Lower limb arterial incompressibility and obstruction in rheumatoid arthritis
del Rincon et al.
Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:425-432.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Adrenomedullin Enhances Angiogenic Potency of Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Rat Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Iwase et al.
Circulation 2005;111:356-362.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Identifying high-risk asymptomatic diabetic patients who are candidates for screening stress single-photon emission computed tomography imaging
Rajagopalan et al.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:43-49.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetes, and Mortality
Leibson et al.
Diabetes Care 2004;27:2843-2849.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis
Brown et al.
CMAJ 2004;171:1189-1192.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Medical Management of Intermittent Claudication
Casey et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2004;38:391-399.
ABSTRACT  

Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Stroke: A HuGE Minireview
Hutter et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:430-435.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Catheterization Laboratory: An Underdetected and Undertreated Risk Factor
Bhatt
Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:1107-1109.
 

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000
Selvin and Erlinger
Circulation 2004;110:738-743.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A focus on risk factor management
Belch and Creager
Vasc Med 2004;9:169-170.
 

Collateral Growth in the Peripheral Circulation: A Review
Unthank et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2004;38:291-313.
ABSTRACT  

Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition augments collateral blood flow in a rat model of peripheral vascular disease
Carr et al.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2004;287:H268-H276.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Writing Group VI: Revascularization
Bettmann et al.
Circulation 2004;109:2643-2650.
FULL TEXT  

Mandate for Creation of a National Peripheral Arterial Disease Public Awareness Program: An Opportunity to Improve Cardiovascular Health
Hirsch et al.
ANGIOLOGY 2004;55:233-242.
ABSTRACT  

Renal Insufficiency and the Risk of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)
O'Hare et al.
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004;15:1046-1051.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mandate for Creation of a National Peripheral Arterial Disease Public Awareness Program: An Opportunity to Improve Cardiovascular Health
Hirsch et al.
VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURG 2004;38:121-130.
ABSTRACT  

The mandate for creation of a national peripheral arterial disease public awareness program: an opportunity to improve cardiovascular health
Hirsch et al.
Vasc Med 2004;9:78-86.
ABSTRACT  

High Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Persons With Renal Insufficiency: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000
O'Hare et al.
Circulation 2004;109:320-323.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cost-effective, Risk-Free, Evidence-Based Medicine
Matz
Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2795-2795.
FULL TEXT  

Cost-effective, Risk-Free, Evidence-Based Medicine--Reply
Belch
Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2795-2796.
FULL TEXT  

Meeting the Challenge of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Halperin and Fuster
Arch Intern Med 2003;163:877-878.
FULL TEXT