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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus is a rodent-associated zoonotic arenavirus that causes asymptomatic or mild illness and aseptic meningitis in humans.¹ Recently, attention has been drawn to LCM after a cluster of fatal cases in transplantation patients.² Hydrocephalus is common in congenital LCM but uncommon in acquired infections. We present herein a case of acquired hydrocephalus caused by a variant LCM virus and the genetic identification of the zoonotic source.

Report of a Case

A 5-year-old male patient, born in France without overseas travel history, was hospitalized in August 2004 in Marseilles for typical meningitis with fever, neck stiffness, headache, and vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed an elevated number of leukocytes (1.3 g/L; 25% polynuclear and 75% lymphocytes), high protein content (1.3 g/L), and slightly decreased glucose level (41.4 mg/dL [2.3 mmol/L]). Direct examination of CSF through optic and electronic microscopy did not identify any microorganism. Bacterial cultures and results from polymerase chain reaction . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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AUTHOR INFORMATION
Remi N. Charrel, MD, PhD; Karine Retornaz, MD; Sébastien Emonet, MSc; Guilhem Noel, MD; Kathia Chaumoitre, MD; Philippe Minodier, MD; Nadine Girard, MD, PhD; Jean-Marc Garnier, MD, PhD; Xavier de Lamballerie, MD, PhD

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