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Effects on Quality of Life

Shahriar Moossavi, MD, PhD; Barry I. Freedman, MD

Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(12):1100-1101.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

Isolation and cloning of the human erythropoietin gene resulted in injectable forms of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) suitable for pharmacological use. This breakthrough transformed the lives of millions of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The severity and prevalence of anemia are closely associated with kidney dysfunction; the frequency of anemia increases from 27% to 76% with a decline in glomerular filtration rate¹ from more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m² to less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m². Prior to ESAs, dialysis-associated anemia was typically treated with regular blood transfusions and anabolic steroids.² Iron overload commonly resulted, and treated patients often had hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations lower than 10 g/dL (to convert to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents currently available in the United States include epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, and their differential carbohydrate content determines plasma . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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