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HEALTH CARE REFORM
Impact of a Pharmacist-Facilitated Hospital Discharge ProgramA Quasi-Experimental Study
Paul C. Walker, PharmD;
Steven J. Bernstein, MD, MPH;
Jasmine N. Tucker Jones, PharmD;
John Piersma, MD;
Hae-Won Kim, MD;
Randolph E. Regal, PharmD;
Latoya Kuhn, MPH;
Scott A. Flanders, MD
Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(21):2003-2010.
Background Medication discrepancies are common at hospital discharge and can result in adverse events, hospital readmissions, and emergency department visits. Our objectives were to characterize medication discrepancies at hospital discharge and test the effects of a pharmacist intervention on health care utilization following discharge.
Methods We used a prospective, alternating month quasi-experimental design to compare outcomes of patients receiving the intervention (n = 358) with controls (n = 366). All patients were discharged to home and were at high risk for medication-related problems following discharge because of the number or types of medications they were prescribed, multiple medication changes during hospitalization, or problems managing medications. The intervention consisted of medication therapy assessment, medication reconciliation, screening for adherence concerns, patient counseling and education, and postdischarge telephone follow-up. The primary outcomes were 14-day and 30-day readmission rates and emergency department visits within 72 hours of discharge. Medication discrepancies occurring at discharge were also characterized.
Results Medication discrepancies at discharge were identified in 33.5% of intervention patients and 59.6% of control patients (P < .001). Although all discrepancies were resolved in the intervention group prior to discharge, readmission rates did not differ significantly between groups at 14 days (12.6% vs 11.5%; P = .65) and 30 days (22.1% vs 18%; P = .17), nor did emergency department visits (2.8% vs 2.2%, respectively; P = .60).
Conclusion While our intervention improved the quality of patient discharge by identifying and reconciling medication discrepancies at discharge, there was no effect on postdischarge health care resource utilization.
Author Affiliations: College of Pharmacy (Drs Walker, Tucker Jones, and Regal) and Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Drs Bernstein, Piersma, Kim, and Flanders), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Ann Arbor VA Health Service Research & Development Center of Excellence, Ann Arbor (Drs Bernstein and Kuhn).
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