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Kevin M. McIntyre, MD; Alfred F. Parisi, MD; Robert Benfari, PhD; Alan H. Goldberg, MD, PhD; James E. Dalen, MD

Arch Intern Med. 1978;138(7):1130-1133.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or "CPR," as we know it today, was successfully applied before 1960.¹ National standards for external cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth ventilation were set forth in 1966.² At that time it was recommended that CPR be performed only by medical personnel. Seven years later a second national conference³ acknowledged that the immediate availability of effective external support was essential to reduce out-of-hospital cardiac arrest mortality (estimated at 400,000 deaths per year) and that CPR could be rendered safely by nonmedical personnel. Since then, large numbers of laymen not only have been trained in CPR but also have been credited with the survival of many cardiac arrest victims. Many states have legislated requirements for training and certification of first responders (firemen, policemen, ambulance personnel, and the like). The demand for training and certification programs in many areas has evoked temptations to relax the rigid CPR "standards" established . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
From the Cardiology Section, the Medical Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Mass (Drs McIntyre and Parisi), the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs McIntyre and Parisi), the Department of Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (Dr Benfari), the Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston City Hospital (Dr Goldberg), and the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, School of Medicine, Worcester (Dr Dalen).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Dec 19, 1977.

Reprint requests to Cardiology Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, 1400 Veterans of Foreign Wars Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132 (Dr McIntyre).

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