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STANLEY COBB, M.D.

Arch Intern Med. 1950;85(6):998-1009.

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TWO NEUROLOGISTS, in the broad sense of the word, received the Nobel Prize this year: A. Egas Moniz of Lisbon, Portugal, and W. R. Hess of Zurich, Switzerland. Egas Moniz first became known through his arteriographic studies of the brain. Then in 1935 he initiated the operation of frontal leukotomy. He had been in London at the International Neurological Congress and there heard Fulton report on his work with Jacobsen concerning the effects of frontal lobectomies on chimpanzees. One striking experiment showed that the removal of frontal cortex relieved agitation and anxiety. Egas Moniz returned to Lisbon and with his neurosurgeon, Lima, quickly put his ideas into action. The "leukotome" was devised and 20 patients underwent the operation of frontal leukotomy; 14 showed decided relief of agitated depression. The results were published in Encéphale in 1936. Freeman and Watts took up leukotomy in this country and "psychosurgeons" began work in . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

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